WW1

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What does MANIA stand for?

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Vocab (NO BATTLES!) • Causes of WWI - MANIA • Trench warfare • War technology • Schlieffen plan

66 Terms

1

What does MANIA stand for?

militarism alliances nationalism imperialism assassination

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2

What is the definition of militarism?

policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war

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3

What is the definition of alliances?

agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

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4

What is the definition of nationalism?

pride in or devotion to one’s country

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5

What is the definition of imperialism?

when one country takes over another country politically or economically

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6

What/when/where was the primary assassination in WW1?

archduke Franz Ferdinand and duchess Sophie in Bosnia (June 28 1914)

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7

What is the specific contributors to militarism leading up to WW1?

  • countries increase spending on military

  • Germany increased → everyone must be ready to fight = everyone has supplies

  • military funding/supplies = ego and confidence

  • confident and prepared = war mentality

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8

What is the specific contributors to alliances leading up to WW1?

  • in conflicts you stick with alliances no matter personal belief

  • starts expanding fast

  • Ex. Germany offered “blank cheque” in support of Austria-Hungary

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9

What were the two groups of alliances called and what were the members?

Triple Entente/Allied Powers = UK, France, Russia

Triple Alliance/Central Powers = Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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10

What is the specific contributors to nationalism leading up to WW1?

  • support for one’s own nation to the exclusion/detriment of other nations

  • Russia and Germany took it too far

  • An idea of “I’m better” “swallow you into our national umbrella”

  • Pan-Germanism and Pan-Slavism

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11

What is Pan-Germanism and Pan-Slavism?

movement to unify the people of German/Slavic people under German/Slavic flag

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12

What is the specific contributors to imperialism leading up to WW1?

  • extending power/influence over another nation

  • caused tension in Europe

  • Ex. European countries came into Africa and took chunks

  • more colonies = more resources and labour

  • losers of war use land as payback

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13

What is the specific contributors to the assassination leading up to WW1?

Pan-Slavic nationalist Gavrilo Princip from Serbia thought Bosnia belongs to Serbia.

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14

What were the points of events after the assassination?

Austria gives Serbia ultimatum then declares war → Germany supports Austria → Russia supports Serbia → Germany declares war on Russia → France supports Russia → Germany declares war on France → Germany invades Belgium to get to France (Schlieffen Plan) → UK supports Belgium + declares war on Germany → Canada joins. USA neutral → sinking of Lusitania (in English channel) = Americans threatened → USA declares war on Germany. Italy avoids alliance, joins Triple Entente for land

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15

What is the Schlieffen Plan?

Germany’s strategy to avoid a war on two fronts/war of attrition

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16

Whaat was Germany’s plan coming into the war?

  • Schlieffen Plan created in 1905

  • Plan only having Austria-Hungary as an alliance

  • France and Russia allies = 2 fronts

  • machine guns, artillery, communication, increasing size of army

  • outnumbers 5-3 = war of attrition → loss

  • ego

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17

What was the original strategy of the Schlieffen Plan?

  • 7/8 of troop go through Belgium and Netherlands into France to get behind French defence and push them south

  • Remaining troops on border

  • After quick win turn around a fight Russia

    • No plan for Russia part

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18

What were the changes to the plan after the war broke out?

  • Moltke took position

  • only invaded Belgium, Netherlands = port for supplies

  • Defence in east more important

  • more men in general

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19

What did the Schlieffen plan fail? (8)

  • Numbers

  • Training

  • Transportation

  • Miscommunication

  • Communication

  • Russia

  • Command

  • Treason

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20

What was the issue with numbers regarding the Schlieffen plan?

  • not enough troops

  • casualties not replaceable

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21

What was the issue with training regarding the Schlieffen plan?

  • reserve/replacement troops not trained

  • no machine gun/artillery crews

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22

What was the issue with transportation regarding the Schlieffen plan?

  • speed = success

  • needed trains but could only go where tracks went

  • After invasions citizens would destroy tracks → had to be rebuilt

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23

What was the issue with miscommunication regarding the Schlieffen plan?

  • the Kaiser got misleading telegraph saying that the French were not mobilizing

  • wanted to send troops to Russia

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24

What was the issue with communication regarding the Schlieffen plan?

  • becomes scarce near front lines

  • using pigeons + flags = high command getting outdate info and orders are outdated

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25

What was the issue with command regarding the Schlieffen plan?

  • German army organized federally only at start of the war did it have one leader

  • generals didn’t listen

  • Bavarian troops violated plan

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26

What was the issue with Russia regarding the Schlieffen plan?

  • dismissed in original plan because of recent loss

  • Russia modernized

  • mobilized before French → forced Moltke to send troops west to east from Belgium

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27

What was the issue with treason regarding the Schlieffen plan?

  • German soldier caught by french and told them the plan

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28

What was the overall downfall of the Schlieffen plan?

  • lack of flexibility and no alternatives

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29

What did the Schlieffen plan lead to?

a 2 front war of attrition

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30

What is a stalemate?

  • neither side makes progress

  • Germans couldn’t advance

  • Entente couldn’t quite win

  • led to war of attrition

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31

Why were trenches built?

  • new artillery/machine guns = sducidal in open battlefield

  • housing/base

  • camouflaged spot for snipers

  • English channel to Swiss border

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32

What was No Man’s Land?

  • space between trenches

  • sometimes only a few metres

  • wasteland of corpses, barbed wire and mud

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33

What was the Canadian-issued rifle?

  • Ross rifle

  • jamed in rapid fire

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34

Why did No Man’s Land = death

  • no protection

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35

What does capturing the enemies front line mean?

  • captured soldiers became POW, sent to camps or killed

  • trench is now theirs

  • supplies raided

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36

What was life in the trenches like?

  • cold, damp in winter (flooded with heavy rain)

  • rats, lice

  • trench foot = foot swells → black

  • injuries amputated (no medical equipment)

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37

What is a battle of attrition?

  • both sides wearing down other → physical collapse through loss in personal, equipment, and supplies

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38

What are the 5 significant weapons in WW1

  • Tank

  • Poison gas

  • Machine Gun

  • Submarines

  • Airplanes

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39

What did the tank do?

  • crushed barbed wire

  • protecting crews advancing on battle field

  • got stuck in mud

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40

What did poison gas do?

  • chlorine gas → burn skin and lungs

  • phosgene → invisible and suffocating

  • Mustard gas → skin blisters

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41

What did machine guns do?

  • automated gun for bringing down rose of soldiers from a distance

  • 600 rounds/minute

  • took a crew to work

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42

What did the submarines do?

  • German’s heavy use

  • U-boats: diesel engine, faster on surface then some boats

  • sank Allied ships with torpedoes

  • placed naval mine

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43

What did the airplanes do?

  • used to find enemy and gather info

  • attack: top mounted gun above propeller

  • Bomber planes

  • Fighter planes

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44

What is the significance of the tank?

  • hoped to break stalemate

  • impact on western front and warfare since

  • psychologic weapon

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45

What is the significance of poison gas?

  • 90,000 deaths

  • 1.3 million casualties

  • gas mask in 1916

  • progression throughout the war

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46

What is the significance of machine guns?

  • transformed warefare

  • huge death toll

  • dominates the battlefield

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47

What is the significance of the submarine?

  • millions of military/civil casualties

  • attacks against merchant ships = cut off supplies from colonies

  • 5000+ sank

  • Sinking of Lusitania = USA in War

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48

What is the significance of the airplane?

  • airplane technology became widespread

  • air superiority important in major battles

  • important on western front

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49

What is the definition of trenches?

  • long ditch used for soldier housing/protection

  • network to increase capactity/utility

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50

What is the definition of “war on the homefront”?

  • war efforts done at home

  • not fighting

  • mobilization, political efforts, weapon building

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51

What is the definition of “meatless mondays”?

  • incorporate absence of meat and wheat to conserve rations for troops

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52

What is the definition of Suffragists?

  • group of women who protested for women voting rights

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53

What is the definition of “Halifax Explosion”?

  • explosion

  • munitions ship blew up in the harbour of Halifax, Nova Scotia

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54

What is the definition of propaganda?

  • info from biased/misleading nature used to publicize political cause

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55

What is the definition of censorship?

  • suppression of info on the basis that material is politically offensive, harmful or sensitive

  • conducted by government

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56

What is the definition of enemy Aliens?

  • citizen of a country at war with British who stayed in Canada

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57

What is the definition of treaty of Versailles?

  • document signed by Germany/Triple Alliance nations formally ending WW1

  • Led by UK, France, USA

  • defined conditions of peace:

    • territorial loss

    • disarmament

    • reparations

    • war guilt

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58

What is the significance of trenches?

  • poor quality = trauma for soldiers

  • no protection from bomb sounds, human waste, corpses

  • poor sleep + trauma = mental illness, sick , death

  • multigenerational trauma

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59

What is the significance of “war on the homefront”?

  • essential to survival and success of soldiers

  • medical care, uniforms

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60

What is the significance of “meatless mondays”?

  • changed Canadian diets to help frontlines

  • we often partake today for health, environment and more

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61

What is the significance of suffragists?

  • took of during WW1

  • women took on labour roles

  • brought attention → worldwide = right to vote

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62

What is the significance of Halifax explosions?

  • disrupted communication

  • biggest man made explosion before the atomic bomb

  • damaged port → Canada’s income goes down = economic strain + recession

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63

What is the significance of propaganda?

  • powerful and manipulative

  • glorify war and convince others to enlist

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64

What is the significance of censorship?

  • used on radios/news/literature deemed threat to security of WW1

  • counter-intelligence: protecting sensitive info (troop movements etc)

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65

What is the significance of enemy aliens?

  • 9000 people in internment camps because of fear and prejudice

  • earned next to nothing

  • loss privileges and rights through war

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66

What is the significance of the treaty of versailles?

  • led to WW1 because of harsh conditions

  • treaty + great depression = german economy to plummet

  • war guilt clause forced Germany to take full responsibility of war = further reprimands + social structure deteriorating → Nazi Regime

  • Canada gained international status through the League of Nation

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