Period 4 - Must Know Terms APUSH

Aaron Burr

Who: Vice President under Jefferson

Importance: Killed Hamilton, Arrested for trying to start own nation

Lewis and Clark

Who: Commisioned by Jefferson to lead an expedition into the newly acquired western US.

Importance: Westward Expansion

John Marshall

Who? Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Importance: Judicial Review (can declare laws unconstitutional), strengthened Supreme Court.

Marbury v Madison

What: Adams appointed midnight justices, Marbury not appointed

Imporance: Judicial Review (can declare laws unconstitutional), strengthened Supreme Court.

McCulloch v Maryland

What: Can congress create a bank and can states ban/tax that bank.

Importance: Fed Governments could make a Fed Bank, states didn’t have the power to tax

Era of Good Feelings

Federalists weakened, westward expansion

Economic Nationalism

protective tarrifs, infrastructure, national bank. Helped US become more independent from foreign influence by becoming self-sufficient.

Tarriff of 1816

What: Protective tarrif to shield American industries from British Competition.

Imp: First tarriff

Henry Clay

Who: U.s politician who was Secretary of State.

Importance: Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 and American System Economic Plan

American System

tarrifs, a national bank, and internal improvements

2nd Bank of the US

National Bank chartered to stabilize economy.

Stabilized economy, helped clear Revolutionary war debts, controversial recharter

Missouri Compromise

Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Established a line that would determine if slaves were free or not in those states.

War Hawks

Advocated for War of 1812. young-pro war.

pushed gov towards war helped inspire nationalism widespread.

Cheseapeake-Leopard Affair

A british ship attacked an American one looking for deserters.

Tensions + Jefferson tried embargos

Embargo act 1807

Americans cant trade with foreign nations, especiall Britain and France.

Backfired on American Merchants and was widely unpopular.

Andrew Jackson

President of United States known for being a populist

Founded Democrats, first populist, Indian Removal Act, ended National Bank.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended War of 1812

resolved issues and lead to American nationalism

Monroe Doctrine

Americas were off-limits to further European colonization.

asserted US influence in the West and pushed back against Europeans

Erie Canal

Connected Hudson River to the Great Lakes

Trade between New York and Midwest, reduced costs

Eli Whitney

Invented Cotton Gin

Lowell System

Women in textile production

Started Women Jobs and reforms

Cotton Gin

we all know

Commonwealth v Hunt

Supported labor unions and strikes

allowed for reform movements

Universal White Male Suffrage

All white men could vote

Started the expansion of voting rights and made it more ridicoulous that women and POC couldnt vote.

Anti-masonic Party

Against free masonry (frats)

Raised questions about political corruption

Spoils System

To the winners government positions

Andrew Jackson, started questions about corruption

Indian Removal Act

Sent Natives even further west

Trail of Tears forced marches, emphasized westward expansion at the expense of Indigenous people.

Cherokee Nation v Goergia

Georgia deprived them of rights, Could they sue?

they werent a foreign nation but a domestic dependent one

Worcester v Georgia

Did Georgia laws apply to them?

No, but Jackson ignored this

Nicholas Biddle

ran the Second Bank of the US

debated Jackson for the recharter

Pet Banks

state banks under Jackson with recieved deposits

undermined the National Bank leading to destablization of the banking system and financial crisis

Panic of 1837

Financial Crisis leading to depression partly due to Jacksons pet banks

Business faliures, all the depression signs

Tarriff of 1828

Classic Tarriff.

helped North, hurt South cotton and tobacco from importing raw materials. Nullification Crisis and further tensions.

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina nullified the tarriff.

Furthered Tensions

Utopia

Groups of society who tried to reform American society and create the perfect area.

pushed social reform

Antebellum

Pre Civil War period including countless reforms

divided country over issues

Trascendalism

movement that challenged traditional social status and pushed reforms through literature favoring abolition and women’s rights.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Lead the Transcendtalist movement.

Wrote individualism pushed reform

“On Civil Disobedience”

An essay for individuals right to resist unjust gov actions

promoted non violent resistance and movements

Hudson River School

art movement that embraced the wildness ofAmerica.

shape national identity through Beauty and Manifest Destiny.

Second Great Awakening

Protestant movement.

religious fevor and reform.

Charles Finney

Lead Second Great Awakening.

Helped spread reform

Joseph Smith

Founded the Mormons

founded Mormonism which influenced westward expansion

Seneca Falls Convention

first womens rights convention

start of organized women’s rights movement

Frederick Douglass

former slave who became an abolitionist

writings and speeches made him popular during abolition

Denmark Vesey

free and planned slave rebellion. stricter slave laws.

Nat Turner

enslaved who lead a slave rebellion.

stricter laws

Slave Codes

rights of owners and who is a slave

harsh treatment of slaves and helped the institution of slavery