AP CSA Unit 2 Using Objects Vocab

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Computer Science

AP Computer Science A

11th

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103 Terms

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instance
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Object
An object is a variable of a data type that is user defined. Every object has a state and a behavior.
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Class
Classes are the template through which objects are created. It is the formal blueprint for creating objects.
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Instance
A created object with defined attributes
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States
The data that is associated with an object or class.
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Behavior
The actions that can be completed by an object or class.
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Object Oriented Programming
The use of object and class types in programming.
8
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Instance Variables
used to store the state, or data of the object instances.
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Constructor/Signature
Allows for the creation of a new object. Consists of the constructor name and parameter list.
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new
Necessary keyword for instantiating a new class object.
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Instantiate
Create an instance of a class object
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Formal and Actual Parameters
Formal parameters are the parameters outlined in the parameters list in the constructor, while actual parameters are the parameters that are input when a new instance of a class object is created.
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Overloading
When a class has more than one constructor with the same name, but different parameter lists.
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null
A keyword that indicates a reference object doesn't point to any object data.
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Method
Procedures that allow us to control and define the behavior of an object/
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Access Specifier
Determines who has access to using the method when writing classes and objects.
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Return Type
Indicates what type value is being returned from the method.
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Calling a method
objectName.method()
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Procedural Abstraction
the ability to use methods and programs that we do not fully understand, or are unable to write.
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Method overloading
Methods can have multiple signatures. Java will use the correct signature base don the actual parameters used in a program.
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return keyword
Used to return a value back to the main program from a method.
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Scope
Defines which part of the program a variable can be accessed from.
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Immutable
Unable to be changed or manipulated. String are immutable.
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Concatenation
The process of adding two String values together. This creates a new String object. Primitives can be concatenated with String objects.
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Implicit Conversion
The automatic process of transforming a variables data type. This occurs when a primitive and String object are concatenated by changing the primitive value to a String object type.
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Escape Sequences
Enable users to use special characters and actions within String objects. \ is the start of a escape sequence
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String(String str) constructor
Constructs a new String object that represents the same sequence of characters as str.
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int length()
Returns the number of characters in a String object
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String substring(int from, int to )
Returns the substring beginning at index from and ending at index - 1.
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String subString(int from)
Returns substring( from, lenth())
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IndexOutOfBoundsException
A Strng object has index values from 0 to length - 1. Attempting to access indices outside this range will result in this error.
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int indexOf(String str)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of str; returns -1 if not found.
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int compareTo( String other)
Returns a value
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Application Programming Interfaces(APIs)
APIs and libraries simplify complex programming task by providing sets of clearly defined methods of communication among various computing components.
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Documentation(DOCs)
DOCs is the refernce for how to use different methods and classes.
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Integer and Double classes
These Classes are part of the java.lang package and Object classes and have a number of useful methods.
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Integers(int value) and Double(double value)
Constructs a new Integer object or a new Double Object that represents the specified int or double value.
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Integer.MIN_VALUE and Integer.MAX_VALUE
The minimum/maximum value represented by an int or Integer, which are -2147483648 and 2147483647.
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int intValue() and double doubleValue()
Returns the value of this Integer as an int and this Double as a double.
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Autoboxing
Automatic conversion between primitive types and their corresponding object wrapper classes.
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Unboxing
Reverse of autoboxing; automatic conversion between t wrapper class to the primitive type.
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Static Methods
Static methods are the methods in Java that can be called without creating an object of class. Static methods are called using the dot operator along with the class name unless they are defined in the enclosing class
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Math Class
The Math class is part of the java.lang package and contains only static methods.
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int abs(int x)
Returns the absolute value of an int value
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double abs( double x)
Returns the absolute value of a double value
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double pow( double base, double exponet)
Returns the value of the first parameter raised to the power of the second parameter
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double sqrt( double x)
Returns the positive square root of a double value
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double random()
Returns a double value greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0
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Math.random
Can be manipulated to produce a random int or double in a defined range.
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Formula for generating any range from 0 - 9:
int rand = (int) (Math.random() * 10);
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Formula for generating any range from 0 - integer is:
int rand = (int) (Math.random() * (integer + 1));
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Formula for generating any range from (start to start + range) is:
int rand = (int) (Math.random() * (integer + 1) + start);
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Object
An object is a variable of a data type that is user defined. Every object has a state and a behavior.
54
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Class
Classes are the template through which objects are created. It is the formal blueprint for creating objects.
55
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Instance
A created object with defined attributes
56
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States
The data that is associated with an object or class.
57
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Behavior
The actions that can be completed by an object or class.
58
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Object Oriented Programming
The use of object and class types in programming.
59
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Instance Variables
used to store the state, or data of the object instances.
60
New cards
Constructor/Signature
Allows for the creation of a new object. Consists of the constructor name and parameter list.
61
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new
Necessary keyword for instantiating a new class object.
62
New cards
Instantiate
Create an instance of a class object
63
New cards
Formal and Actual Parameters
Formal parameters are the parameters outlined in the parameters list in the constructor, while actual parameters are the parameters that are input when a new instance of a class object is created.
64
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Overloading
When a class has more than one constructor with the same name, but different parameter lists.
65
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null
A keyword that indicates a reference object doesn't point to any object data.
66
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Method
Procedures that allow us to control and define the behavior of an object/
67
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Access Specifier
Determines who has access to using the method when writing classes and objects.
68
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Return Type
Indicates what type value is being returned from the method.
69
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Calling a method
objectName.method()
70
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Procedural Abstraction
the ability to use methods and programs that we do not fully understand, or are unable to write.
71
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Method overloading
Methods can have multiple signatures. Java will use the correct signature base don the actual parameters used in a program.
72
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return keyword
Used to return a value back to the main program from a method.
73
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Scope
Defines which part of the program a variable can be accessed from.
74
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Immutable
Unable to be changed or manipulated. String are immutable.
75
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Concatenation
The process of adding two String values together. This creates a new String object. Primitives can be concatenated with String objects.
76
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Implicit Conversion
The automatic process of transforming a variables data type. This occurs when a primitive and String object are concatenated by changing the primitive value to a String object type.
77
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Escape Sequences
Enable users to use special characters and actions within String objects. \ is the start of a escape sequence
78
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String(String str) constructor
Constructs a new String object that represents the same sequence of characters as str.
79
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int length()
Returns the number of characters in a String object
80
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String substring(int from, int to )
Returns the substring beginning at index from and ending at index - 1.
81
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String subString(int from)
Returns substring( from, lenth())
82
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IndexOutOfBoundsException
A Strng object has index values from 0 to length - 1. Attempting to access indices outside this range will result in this error.
83
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int indexOf(String str)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of str; returns -1 if not found.
84
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int compareTo( String other)
Returns a value
85
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Application Programming Interfaces(APIs)
APIs and libraries simplify complex programming task by providing sets of clearly defined methods of communication among various computing components.
86
New cards
Documentation(DOCs)
DOCs is the refernce for how to use different methods and classes.
87
New cards
Integer and Double classes
These Classes are part of the java.lang package and Object classes and have a number of useful methods.
88
New cards
Integers(int value) and Double(double value)
Constructs a new Integer object or a new Double Object that represents the specified int or double value.
89
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Integer.MIN_VALUE and Integer.MAX_VALUE
The minimum/maximum value represented by an int or Integer, which are -2147483648 and 2147483647.
90
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int intValue() and double doubleValue()
Returns the value of this Integer as an int and this Double as a double.
91
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Autoboxing
Automatic conversion between primitive types and their corresponding object wrapper classes.
92
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Unboxing
Reverse of autoboxing; automatic conversion between t wrapper class to the primitive type.
93
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Static Methods
Static methods are the methods in Java that can be called without creating an object of class. Static methods are called using the dot operator along with the class name unless they are defined in the enclosing class
94
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Math Class
The Math class is part of the java.lang package and contains only static methods.
95
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int abs(int x)
Returns the absolute value of an int value
96
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double abs( double x)
Returns the absolute value of a double value
97
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double pow( double base, double exponet)
Returns the value of the first parameter raised to the power of the second parameter
98
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double sqrt( double x)
Returns the positive square root of a double value
99
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double random()
Returns a double value greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0
100
New cards
Math.random
Can be manipulated to produce a random int or double in a defined range.