Studied by 7 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
What does evolution tell us about life on earth
How it has changed to what we have today
Who was one of the first scientists to propose a theory of organisms changing? How did he describe organisms changing
Lamarck – Theory of Acquired characteristics
Organisms used those adaptations, developed them, and passed them on to their offspring. If they don’t use them, they lose it.
Use the theory from question #2 and apply it to an animal and an adaptation that was produced
Giraffes start with shorter necks. They had to stretch to reach leaves from tall trees. They passed the long necks on to their offspring. In each generation, the necks got longer because of the use
Where did Darwin do most of his studying to come up with his theory of evolution
Western part of South America & Galapagos
Explain why finches on the Galapagos Islands would have different beaks
Their beak was dependent on their food source. Each island had a different food source, thus different beaks
What is the driving force of natural selection? Why is that the driving force
Competition for limited resources
Those that have the best adaptations for the resources will outcompete, leading to survival and reproduction
What are the two causes of variation among a population
Meiosis and mutations
Use Darwin’s theory on the animal and adaptation from question 3
There were various neck lengths among a population of giraffes. Those that had short necks could not get food and, therefore, were not able to survive and reproduce. Those with long necks were better suited to obtain food, thus survived and reproduced
What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection
Natural- environment selects the best traits
Artificial- humans select best traits
What are the 4 pieces of evidence for evolution
Fossils, Anatomy, Molecular, Embryological
How do fossils serve as evidence for evolution
Superposition tells us the relationship of organisms and which ones are ancestors or descendants. Further down are older.
See complexity increase closer to the surface
What is the difference between analogous, homologous, and vestigial structures? What do they tell us about common ancestry?
Analogous – same function different structure – different ancestors
Homologous – different function same structure – similar ancestor
Vestigial – non-functional now – similar ancestor
How do molecules help us to show common ancestry and evolution
Organisms with similar DNA sequences are closely related. The more in common, the more closely related
How does embryology serve as evidence for evolution
Development is similar in organisms that are related
What is a population? How do gene pools relate to populations
Group of the same species living in a particular area at the same time
Pool is all of the alleles in that population
Define the biological species concept. Where does it fail
Species that can mate and produce fertile offspring
Asexual organisms, don’t know about extinct organisms, hybrids that have viable offspring
What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation? Be able to come up with a real-world example of each type of speciation
Allopatric – geographical barrier separates leading to 2 different species
Sympatric – new species evolve without a geographical barrier
How do genetic drift and gene flow differ
Drift is a random change of gene pool due to chance. Flow is the intro/exiting of alleles because organisms enter or leave the population
What is the Bottleneck effect? How does it impact genetic diversity
Disaster lowers population drastically, thus lowering genetic diversity in the new population
What is the Founder effect? How does it impact genetic diversity
Large population colonizes a new area. Alleles that habitat the new area will be amplified through reproduction. Decreases diversity
What is binomial nomenclature? What are the formatting rules
2 word naming system “scientific name”
Genus first – Species second
Genus capitalized
All italics
What are the 3 domains? What are their key characteristics
Bacteria – prokaryotic, hetero/autotrophic, cell walls with peptidoglycan
Archaea - prokaryotic, hetero/autotrophic, cell walls without peptidoglycan live in EXTREME environments
Eukarya – Eukaryotic, most diverse, 4 kingdoms
Be able to read what traits specific organisms have from a cladogram.
Be able to explain relationships between specific organisms from a cladogram.
Be able to generate a cladogram based on traits.
Be able to identify an organism’s scientific name/binomial nomenclature based on the information provided.
Note 
Flashcard (36)