AP Language and Composition Mock Exam 2
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26 Terms
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
(đđ©đŠ đ§đ°đđđ°đžđȘđŻđš đ±đąđŽđŽđąđšđŠ đȘđŽ đąđŻ đŠđčđ€đŠđłđ±đ” đ§đłđ°đź đą đŁđ°đ°đŹ đ±đ¶đŁđđȘđŽđ©đŠđ„ đŁđș đą đ±đ°đđȘđ”đȘđ€đąđ đ«đ°đ¶đłđŻđąđđȘđŽđ” đȘđŻ 2008.)
A country founded on the principle of individual freedomâ"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"1âhas both a gift and a problem. "No man is an island," the English poet John Donne wrote in the seventeenth century, but in the late eighteenth century, at least in America, you very nearly could be, at least physically. The continent was so immense, the forests so thick, and the land so fertile, that a man could literally live alone. Strictly speaking, if survival was all that mattered, he did not even need a market to sell to. He had everything he needed in the woods, streams, and fields.
This was how Americans saw themselves, or claimed to see themselves. In his first Farewell Addressâthe one in 1783, when he resigned his commission as commander in chief of the continental armyâGeneral George Washington envisioned his disbanded troops heading out to the "extensive and fertile Regions of the West," which would "yield a most happy Asylum to those, who, fond of domestic enjoyment are seeking for personal independence."
This independence was not only geographical, it was psychological, spiritual, politicalâand legal. With the colonial grants wiped away by revolution, new American landowners could buy and hold land in "fee simple," just the way the highest-ranking feudal lords had done at the top of Old World society. Every man was his own lord and vassal. He could make whatever money he could, and keep most of it as his own. There would be taxes in the New World, but they were not "direct." Indeed, for the first century of its existence, Washington derived the bulk of its revenue from global tradeâfrom import tariffs and dutiesâand from sales of federal land.
The spirit of economic individualism was always with us, and by the middle of the nineteenth century it had become a kind of secular religion in the world of business, even when the aim of big business was to snuff out the very entrepreneurialism that nurtured commerce to begin with. In 1886, at the height of the first Gilded Age, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that the Southern Pacific Railroadâand, by extension, all profit-making corporationsâwere entitled to be viewed as individual persons in the eyes of the law. We were the first country in the world to view them that way, but it made sense: Individualism was Us, even if Us was a corporate leviathan. Americans have never fully accepted the idea that tax tables should be designed, and revenues disbursed, in a way that makes government the redistributor of wealth and guarantor of income. "Fairness" is one thing, redistribution another.
There was another viewâa counterpointâand much of our history is about the struggle of communal thinking to gain sway in the economic life of America. The question has never been whether Americans would pitch in to help each otherâbut rather the extent to which government could require them to do so. Observers from Tocqueville onward have commented on our willingness, even eagerness, to join voluntary associations, from civic groups to teaching circles. Americans give more to charity per capita than citizens of any other country. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett established the wealthiest charitable foundation in history. We may "bowl alone" more often these days, as author Robert Putnam gloomily puts it in his metaphor for anomie,3 but we also worry about the fact that we do so. Walt Whitman,4 our bard of brotherhood, saw no conflict between his own credo of the individual and his love of all mankind. "[W]hoever walks a furlong without sympathy," he wrote in "Song of Myself," "walks to his own funeral drest in a shroud."
But what is the government's role in reconciling two age-old American concepts: "There's no such thing as a free lunch" and "united we stand"?
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđđŹđ đđđŹđđ«đąđđđŹ đđĄđ đđźđ§đđđąđšđ§ đšđ đđĄđ đđąđ«đŹđ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ ("đ đđšđźđ§đđ«đČ . . . đ đ©đ«đšđđ„đđŠ") ?
It makes a claim that the passage goes on to defend.
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđ§ đđĄđ đšđ©đđ§đąđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ, đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ« đđŹđŹđźđŠđđŹ đ°đĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđđšđźđ đĄđąđŹ đđźđđąđđ§đđ?
They are familiar with the phrase "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđ§ đđĄđ đŹđđđšđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đšđ đđĄđ đđąđ«đŹđ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ ("đđš đŠđđ§ . . . đ©đĄđČđŹđąđđđ„đ„đČ"), đ°đĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđđŹđ đđđŹđđ«đąđđđŹ đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ«'đŹ đ©đđ«đŹđ©đđđđąđŻđ đšđ§ đđšđĄđ§ đđšđ§đ§đ'đŹ đ©đšđŹđąđđąđšđ§?
He rebuts it by offering a counterexample.
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđĄđ đđĄđąđ«đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đšđ đđĄđ đđąđ«đŹđ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ ("đđĄđ đđšđ§đđąđ§đđ§đ . . . đđ„đšđ§đ") đđđŻđđ§đđđŹ đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ«'đŹ đ©đźđ«đ©đšđŹđ đđČ đ©đ«đđŹđđ§đđąđ§đ đđĄđđ«đđđđđ«đąđŹđđąđđŹ đđ§đ đđđđđźđ«đđŹ đđĄđđ
help define the idea presented in the previous sentence
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđ§ đđĄđ đŹđđđšđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đšđ đđĄđ đŹđđđšđ§đ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ ("đđ§ đĄđąđŹ đđąđ«đŹđ . . . đąđ§đđđ©đđ§đđđ§đđ"), đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ« đąđ§đđ„đźđđđŹ đđĄđ đŠđđđđ«đąđđ„ đŹđđ đšđđ đđČ đđđŹđĄđđŹ đ©đ«đąđŠđđ«đąđ„đČ đđš
identify the specific occasion on which George Washington delivered his first Farewell Address
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđđŹđ đđđŹđđ«đąđđđŹ đđĄđ đ«đđ„đđđąđšđ§đŹđĄđąđ© đšđ đđĄđ đŹđđđšđ§đ đđ§đ đđĄđąđ«đ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄđŹ đđš đđĄđ đđąđ«đŹđ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ?
The second and third paragraphs develop a line of reasoning to support the first paragraph's claim about self-reliance in America.
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđđŹđ đđđŹđđ«đąđđđŹ đđĄđ đ«đđ„đđđąđšđ§đŹđĄđąđ© đđđđ°đđđ§ đđĄđ đđĄđąđ«đ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ đđ§đ đđĄđ đđąđ«đŹđ đđ°đš đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄđŹ?
The third paragraph broadens a concept introduced and described in the first two paragraphs.
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ« đąđ§đđ«đšđđźđđđŹ "đđ§đšđđĄđđ« đŻđąđđ°" (đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ đ, đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ) đ©đ«đąđŠđđ«đąđ„đČ đđš đđđŻđđ„đšđ© đ đđšđ§đđ«đđŹđ đđđđ°đđđ§ đđŠđđ«đąđđđ§đŹ'
resistance toward government-controlled wealth redistribution versus their openness to participate in voluntary wealth redistribution
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđđŹđ đđšđŠđ©đđ«đđŹ đĄđšđ° đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ« đšđ đđĄđ đ©đđŹđŹđđ đ đđ§đ đđšđđđ«đ đđźđđ§đđŠ đŻđąđđ° đđĄđ đđ„đđąđŠ đđĄđđ đđŠđđ«đąđđđ§đŹ "'đđšđ°đ„ đđ„đšđ§đ' đŠđšđ«đ đšđđđđ§" (đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ đ, đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ) ?
They both acknowledge the validity of the claim, but the author views this development with less despair than does Putnam.
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđ§ đđĄđ đŹđąđ±đđĄ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đšđ đđĄđ đđąđđđĄ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ ("đđ đŠđđČ . . . đđš đŹđš"), đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ« đ©đ„đđđđŹ đȘđźđšđđđđąđšđ§ đŠđđ«đ€đŹ đđ«đšđźđ§đ đđĄđ đ©đĄđ«đđŹđ "đđšđ°đ„ đđ„đšđ§đ" đ©đ«đąđŠđđ«đąđ„đČ đđš
attribute the phrase to another author
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđ§ đđĄđ đ„đđŹđ đđ°đš đŹđđ§đđđ§đđđŹ đšđ đđĄđ đđąđđđĄ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ, đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ« đ©đ«đđŹđđ§đđŹ đđđ„đ đđĄđąđđŠđđ§ đđŹ đ đđąđ đźđ«đ đ°đĄđš
embodies the complex relationship between individualistic and communal thinking in American culture
đđđĄđđ đđĄ
đđ§ đđĄđ đđąđ§đđ„ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ ("đđźđ đ°đĄđđ . . . đŹđđđ§đ"), đđĄđ đđźđđĄđšđ« đąđ§đđąđđđđđŹ đđĄđ đ«đđ„đđđąđšđ§đŹđĄđąđ© đđđđ°đđđ§ đđĄđ "đđ°đš đđ đ-đšđ„đ đđŠđđ«đąđđđ§ đđšđ§đđđ©đđŹ" đđČ đđŠđ©đ„đšđČđąđ§đ
coordination to suggest a balance between the two concepts
đđđĄđąđŠđđšđ„
(đđ©đŠ đ±đąđŽđŽđąđšđŠ đŁđŠđđ°đž đȘđŽ đą đ„đłđąđ§đ”.)
(1) While scientists are discovering titanosaur bones all over the world with remarkable frequency, according to paleontologist Kristina Curry Rogers, "the earliest phases of [the titanosaur] take over are still pretty mysterious." (2) Now, however, paleontologists have undoubtedly uncovered the key piece in the puzzle with the announcement of a new dinosaur discovery in Tanzania: a titanosaur dubbed the Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia. (3) The specimen unearthed by the scientists lived between 110 and 100 million years ago, meaning that the species was an early member of the titanosaur group. (4) By studying this new dinosaur, paleontologists believe they can determine the precise function of its mysteriously heart-shaped tail bones.
(5) The announcement in February 2019 created a great buzz in both the scientific community and the general public. (6) This excitement was in part because of a unique feature: the titanosaur's heart-shaped tail bones. (7) Indeed, the dinosaur's name, Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia, comes from the Swahili for "animal of the Mtuka with a heart-shaped tail." (8) Eric Gorscak, the paleontologist who led the excavation, described the long process involved in unearthing the titanosaur fossils from the Mtuka riverbed in Tanzania, a complicated endeavor that required excavators to scale a cliff wall with climbing gear. (9) Gorscak's team knew they had found a new species thanks to the weird tail bones, as well as specific neck and chest bones. (10) As for the function of the heart-shaped tail bones, Patrick O'Connor, a coauthor on the study, theorizes that they might have allowed the titanosaur to stiffen its long tail.
(11) The location of the dinosaur find, however, excited scientists even more than the distinctive tail bones. (12) Until recently, most titanosaur fossil discoveries have been in South America. (13) Hence, this new discovery of an early titanosaur species in Tanzania "provides a critical look at the group before the widespread diversification around the planet," says O'Connor. (14) And while titanosaurs were one of the most domineering groups during the age of dinosaurs, says Gorscak, "their early evolutionary history remains obscure, and Mnyamawamtuka helps reveal those beginnings." (15) Gorscak plans additional fossil digs in other parts of Africa, hoping to find other critical pieces of the Cretaceous titanosaur puzzle.
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđŻđšđąđ đđ±đ©đ«đđŹđŹđąđ§đ đđĄđ đđ«đ đźđŠđđ§đ đšđ đđĄđ đ©đđŹđŹđđ đ đąđ§ đđđŹđšđ„đźđđ đđđ«đŠđŹ. đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđĄđđ§đ đđŹ đŹđĄđšđźđ„đ đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đŠđđ€đ đąđ§ đšđ«đđđ« đđš đđđĄđąđđŻđ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
In sentence 2, changing "have undoubtedly uncovered the" to "may have uncovered a"
đđđĄđąđŠđđšđ„
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđđ đđ§ đąđ§đđ«đšđđźđđđšđ«đČ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđš đđĄđ đ©đđŹđŹđđ đ đđĄđđ đšđ«đąđđ§đđŹ đđĄđ đđźđđąđđ§đđ đđČ đ©đ«đšđŻđąđđąđ§đ đđšđ§đđđ±đđźđđ„ đąđ§đđšđ«đŠđđđąđšđ§. đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđđŹ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
Titanosaurs, the group of dinosaurs notable for their behemoth size, small heads, and long necks and tails, once plodded over every continent on Earth during the Cretaceous, the last period of dinosaurs before their extinction.
đđđĄđąđŠđđšđ„
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đąđŹ đđšđ§đŹđąđđđ«đąđ§đ đđĄđđ§đ đąđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ (đ«đđ©đ«đšđđźđđđ đđđ„đšđ°) đŹđš đđĄđđ đąđ đđ„đđđ«đ„đČ đđ«đđąđđźđ„đđđđŹ đđĄđ đ©đđŹđŹđđ đ'đŹ đšđŻđđ«đđ«đđĄđąđ§đ đđ„đđąđŠ.
đ©đ đđđđ đđđđ đđđđ đđđ đ đđđđđđđ, đđđđđđđđđđđđđđđ đđđđđđđ đđđđ đđđ âđ đđđđđđđđ đđđ đđđđđđđ đđđđđđđđ đđ đđđ đđđđđđđđđđđđ đđđđđ-đđđđđđ đđđđ đđđđđ.â
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đŻđđ«đŹđąđšđ§đŹ đšđ đđĄđ đźđ§đđđ«đ„đąđ§đđ đ©đšđ«đđąđšđ§ đšđ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ đđđŹđ đŹđźđ©đ©đšđ«đđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
solve the mystery of how titanosaurs became so widespread during the Cretaceous period
đđđĄđąđŠđđšđ„
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđšđŠđđąđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđđŹ đ đđ§đ đ (đ«đđ©đ«đšđđźđđđ đđđ„đšđ°) đđš đ«đđđźđđ đ«đđđźđ§đđđ§đđČ đđ§đ đđ§đŹđźđ«đ đ©đ«đđđąđŹđąđšđ§ đšđ đŠđđđ§đąđ§đ .
đ»đđ đđđđđđđđđđđđ đđ đđđđđđđđ 2019 đđđđđđđ đ đđđđđ đđđđ đđ đđđđ đđđ đđđđđđđđđđ đđđđđđđđđ đđđ đđđ đđđđđđđ âđđđđđđ. đ»đđđ đđđđđđđđđđ đđđ đđ đđđđ đđđđđđđ đđ đ đđđđđđ đđđđđđđ:â đđđ đđđđđđđđđđ'đ đđđđđ-đđđđđđ đđđđ đđđđđ.
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđĄđđ§đ đđŹ đđš đđĄđ đźđ§đđđ«đ„đąđ§đđ đ©đšđ«đđąđšđ§ đšđ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđđŹ đ đđ§đ đ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
public, in part because of a unique feature
đđđĄđąđŠđđšđ„
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđ§đŹđźđ«đ đđĄđđ đđĄđ đ„đđ§đ đźđđ đ đźđŹđđ đąđ§ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ (đ«đđ©đ«đšđđźđđđ đđđ„đšđ°) đŠđđąđ§đđđąđ§đŹ đđĄđ đđšđ§đ đźđŹđđ đąđ§ đđĄđ đ«đđŹđ đšđ đđĄđ đ©đđŹđŹđđ đ.
đźđđđđđđ'đ đđđđ đđđđ đđđđ đđđ đđđđđ đ đđđ đđđđđđđ đđđđđđ đđ đđđ âđđđđđ â đđđđ đđđđđ, đđ đđđđ đđ đđđđđđđđ đđđđ đđđ đđđđđ đđđđđ.
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đŻđđ«đŹđąđšđ§đŹ đšđ đđĄđ đźđ§đđđ«đ„đąđ§đđ đđđ±đ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
distinctive
đđđĄđąđŠđđšđ„
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđš đđĄđ đŹđđđšđ§đ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ.
đ°đ đđđđ, đđ đđđđđđđđđ đđđ đđđ đđđđđđđ đđđđ đđđđ đđđđđđ đđđđđđđđđđđđđđđ đđđđđ đ đđđđđđđđđ đŽ. đđđđđđđđđđ đđđđđ đđ 2004, đđ đđđđ 15 đđđđđ đđ đđđđđ đđđđđđđđ đđđđ, đđđđđ đđđđ đđđđđđđđ, đđđ đđđđđđđ đđđ đđđđđđđ.
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđĄđšđąđđđŹ đąđŹ đđĄđ đŠđšđŹđ đ„đšđ đąđđđ„ đ©đ„đđđ đđš đąđ§đŹđđ«đ đđĄđąđŹ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đąđ§ đđĄđ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ?
Before sentence 9
đđđĄđąđŠđđšđ„
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đąđŹ đđšđ§đŹđąđđđ«đąđ§đ đđĄđđ§đ đąđ§đ đđĄđ đźđ§đđđ«đ„đąđ§đđ đ©đšđ«đđąđšđ§ đšđ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđ (đ«đđ©đ«đšđđźđđđ đđđ„đšđ°) đŹđš đđĄđđ đąđ đąđŹ đđšđ§đŹđąđŹđđđ§đ đ°đąđđĄ đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ«'đŹ đ©đđ«đŹđ©đđđđąđŻđ đšđ§ đđąđđđ§đšđŹđđźđ«đŹ đąđ§ đđĄđ đ©đđŹđŹđđ đ.
đšđđ đđđđđ đđđđđđđđđđđ đđđđ đđđ đđ đđđ đđđđ âđ đđđđđđđđđđâ đđđđđđ đ đđđđđ đđđ đđđ đđ đ đđđđđđđđ, đđđđ đźđđđđđđ, "đđđđđ đđđđđ đđđđđđđđđđđđ đđđđđđđ đđđđđđđ đđđđđđđ, đđđ đŽđđđđđđđđđđđđ đđđđđ đđđđđđ đđđđđ đđđđđđđđđđ."
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đŻđđ«đŹđąđšđ§đŹ đšđ đđĄđ đźđ§đđđ«đ„đąđ§đđ đ©đšđ«đđąđšđ§ đšđ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
prevalent
đđđĄđąđŠđđšđ„
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đąđŹ đđšđ§đŹđąđđđ«đąđ§đ đđđđąđ§đ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđđđđ« đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđ.
đ°đ đđđđđđ đđ đđđđđ , đđ đđđđđđ, đđđđ đźđđđđđđ đđđ đđđ đđđđ đđđđđ đđđđđđđđđđđđđ 45 đđđđđđđ đđ đđđ đ. đŠđšđČđšđ°đđŠđ€đąđ đđđđđđđđ đđđ đđđđđđđđđđđđđ đ đđ đđđ đđđđđđđ đđđ đđđđđ.
đđĄđšđźđ„đ đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đŠđđ€đ đđĄđąđŹ đđđđąđđąđšđ§ đđđđđ« đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđ ?
No, because it undermines the unity of the passage's conclusion by adding a detail that does not add to the discussion of the find's importance.
đđđĄđđĄđđŠ
(đđ©đŠ đ±đąđŽđŽđąđšđŠ đŁđŠđđ°đž đȘđŽ đą đ„đłđąđ§đ”.)
(1) Buyers can expect to find bananas of roughly the same size, sweetness, and texture in grocery stores around the world, and growers can expect consistent yields across thousands of acres of Cavendish banana trees. (2) The uniformity of the Cavendish banana makes it uniquely vulnerable to disease.
(3) Growing only one breed of a crop is a common way for farmers to maximize output and other desirable qualities, but the Cavendish banana is terribly lacking in diversity because its trees are grown not from seeds but from cuttings of existing trees. (4) The dangers of this lack of genetic diversity are illustrated by the story of the Cavendish's predecessor in the global market: the Gros Michel banana. (5) Lacking any variants that were resistant to fusarium wilt, the Gros Michel was wiped out by the 1960s. (6) Banana growers replaced the Gros Michel with the Cavendish, which was immune to fusarium wilt, but a new fungus that affects the Cavendish has recently appeared in several banana-producing countries. (7) The history of the Gros Michel appears to be repeating itself with the Cavendish.
(8) Growers could limit bananas' vulnerability to disease and prevent devastating epidemics by cultivating more varieties of banana. (9) But decisions about what bananas to grow depend on what consumers will buy. (10) The Cavendish is popular because it is familiar, tasty, and inexpensive; other bananas would look and taste different and may cost more. (11) According to plant pathologist Randy Ploetz, consumers will need to be "more open-minded about what kind of banana they'll accept."
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđđ đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđđđšđ«đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ đđš đąđ§đđ«đšđđźđđ đđĄđ đŠđđąđ§ đđšđ©đąđ đšđ đđĄđ đ©đđŹđŹđđ đ. đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđĄđšđąđđđŹ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
The Cavendish banana, the most widely available type of banana in the world, is prized by consumers and producers in part because of its predictability.
đđđĄđđĄđđŠ
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđđ đ đđ«đđ§đŹđąđđąđšđ§ đđš đđĄđ đđđ đąđ§đ§đąđ§đ đšđ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ (đ«đđ©đ«đšđđźđđđ đđđ„đšđ°), đđđŁđźđŹđđąđ§đ đđĄđ đđđ©đąđđđ„đąđłđđđąđšđ§ đđ§đ đ©đźđ§đđđźđđđąđšđ§ đđŹ đ§đđđđđ, đđš đŹđĄđšđ° đđĄđ đ«đđ„đđđąđšđ§đŹđĄđąđ© đđđđ°đđđ§ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđđŹ đ đđ§đ đ.
đ»đđ đđđđđđđđđđ đđ đđđ đȘđđđđđ đđđ đđđđđđ đđđđđ đđ đđđđđđđđ đđđđđđđđđđ đđ đ đđđđđđ.
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđĄđšđąđđđŹ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
However
đđđĄđđĄđđŠ
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđđ đ đđĄđđŹđąđŹ đŹđđđđđŠđđ§đ đđđđđ« đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ đđĄđđ đđđđźđ«đđđđ„đČ đ«đđ©đ«đđŹđđ§đđŹ đđĄđ đŠđđąđ§ đđ«đ đźđŠđđ§đ đšđ đđĄđ đ©đđŹđŹđđ đ. đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđĄđšđąđđđŹ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
To ensure that bananas survive for years to come, producers and consumers need to diversify the types of bananas they grow and eat.
đđđĄđđĄđđŠ
đđ§ đđĄđ đźđ§đđđ«đ„đąđ§đđ đ©đšđ«đđąđšđ§ đšđ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ (đ«đđ©đ«đšđđźđđđ đđđ„đšđ°), đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đźđŹđ đ đ§đđźđđ«đđ„ đđšđ§đ đ°đĄđđ§ đđđŹđđ«đąđđąđ§đ đđĄđ đ đ«đšđ°đąđ§đ đ©đ«đđđđąđđđŹ đźđŹđđ đđš đđźđ„đđąđŻđđđ đđđŻđđ§đđąđŹđĄ đđđ§đđ§đ đđ«đđđŹ.
đźđđđđđđ đđđđ đđđ đđđđđ đđ đ đđđđ đđ đ đđđđđđ đđđ đđđ đđđđđđđ đđ đđđđđđđđ đđđđđđ đđđ đđđđđ đ đđđđđđđđ đđđđđđđđđ, đđđ đđđ đȘđđđđđ đđđ đđđđđđ đđ âđđđđđđđđâ đđđđđđđ đđ đ đđđđđđđđ đđđđđđđ đđđ đđđđđ đđđ đđđđđ đđđ đđđđ đđđđ đ đđđ đđđđ đđđđđđđđ đđ đđđđđđđđ đđđđđ.
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đđĄđšđąđđđŹ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
unusually
đđđĄđđĄđđŠ
đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đđđ đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đđđđđ« đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ đđĄđđ đđđŻđđ„đšđ©đŹ đđĄđ đ§đđ«đ«đđđąđŻđ đąđ§ đđĄđ đŹđđđšđ§đ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ đąđ§ đ đ°đđČ đđĄđđ đŠđđ€đđŹ đđĄđ đđźđđąđđ§đđ đđđđ„ đđĄđ đąđŠđ©đđđ đšđ đđĄđ đ„đšđŹđŹ đšđ đđĄđ đđ«đšđŹ đđąđđĄđđ„ đđđ§đđ§đ. đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđđŹ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
This delicious and productive banana was also grown from cuttings until a fungus called fusarium wilt devastated Gros Michel trees.
đđđĄđđĄđđŠ
đđ§ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ (đ«đđ©đ«đšđđźđđđ đđđ„đšđ°), đđĄđ đ°đ«đąđđđ« đ°đđ§đđŹ đđš đŠđđ€đ đ đđ„đđąđŠ đđĄđđ đ«đđđźđđŹ đđĄđ đđ„đđąđŠ đŠđđđ đąđ§ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ đđ§đ đđĄđđ đŹđđđŹ đźđ© đđĄđ đ«đđŹđ đšđ đđĄđ đ©đđ«đđ đ«đđ©đĄ.
đ©đđ đ đđđđđđđđ đđđđđ đđđđ đđđđđđđ đđ đđđđ đ đđđđđ đđ đđđđ đđđđđđđđđ đđđđ đđđ.
đđĄđąđđĄ đšđ đđĄđ đđšđ„đ„đšđ°đąđ§đ đŻđđ«đŹđąđšđ§đŹ đšđ đŹđđ§đđđ§đđ đ đđđŹđ đđđđšđŠđ©đ„đąđŹđĄđđŹ đđĄđąđŹ đ đšđđ„?
(As it is now)
Note 
Flashcards (31)