Space physics

Redshift

increase in wavelength from distant galaxies; evidence of universe expansion.

CMBR

leftover radiation from the Big Bang

Life cycle of stars

nebula → protostar → main sequence → red giant / supernova etc.

Orbital speed

depends on radius and mass of object being orbited.

v

2*pi*r/T— orbital speed

Describe the life cycle of a star larger than our sun.

• Nebula → Protostar → Main sequence

• Star expands to red supergiant

• Supernova

• Then becomes neutron star or black hole

✅ Must mention: red supergiant, supernova, neutron star/black hole.

How does redshift support the Big Bang theory?

• Light from distant galaxies is redshifted → they're moving away

• More distant = more redshift = faster

• Implies universe is expanding

• This supports idea that everything started from a single point (Big Bang)

✅ Must mention expansion, speed vs distance, origin.