Jarvis Ch 17 Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Aphthous ulcers

“canker sores”; small, painful, round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause

Buccal

pertaining to the cheek

Candidiasis

(moniliasis) white, cheesy, curd-like patch on buccal mucosa due to

superficial fungal infection

Caries

decay in the teeth

Cheilitis

red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at corners of mouth

Choanal atresia

closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx

Crypts

indentations on surface of tonsils

Epistaxis

nosebleed, usually from anterior septum

Epulis

nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum

Fordyce granules

small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa

Gingivitis

red, swollen gum margins that bleed easily

Herpes simplex

“cold sores”; clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junction

Koplik spots

small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosa; early sign of

measles

Leukoplakia

chalky white, thick, raised patch on sides of tongue; precancerous

Malocclusion

upper or lower dental arches out of alignment

Papillae

rough, bumpy elevations on dorsal surface of tongue

Parotid glands

pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears

Pharyngitis

inflammation of the throat

Plaque

soft, whitish debris on teeth

Polyp

smooth, pale gray nodules in the nasal cavity due to chronic allergic rhinitis

Rhinitis

red, swollen inflammation of nasal mucosa

Thrush

oral candidiasis in the newborn

Turbinate

one of 3 bony projections into nasal cavity

Uvula

free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate

nose

warms, moistens, and filters inhaled air and is the sensory organ of smell, innervated by cranial nerve I

anatomic landmarks of external nose

bridge, tip, two nares, columella, two ala

nasal cavity

extends back over the roof of the mouth. Nasal hairs and ciliated mucous membranes filter dust and bacteria. The nasal mucosa has a rich blood supply. The septum divides the nasal cavity into two air passages. The anterior septum holds Kiesselbach’s plexus, the most common site of nosebleeds. The turbinates are bony projections that help warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air. The sinuses drain into the middle meatus, and the nasolacrimal ducts drain into the inferior meatus

paranasal sinuses

air-filled pockets in the cranium. They lighten the weight of the skull, serve as sound resonators, and provide mucus

oral cavity

short passage bordered by the lips, hard palate, soft palate, cheeks, and tongue

functions of the mouth

salivary glands: secrete saliva, a clear fluid that moistens and lubricates the food bolus, starts digestion, and cleans and protects the mucosa

age-related changes that take place in the mouth

children: 20 deciduous (or temporary) teeth

pregnant women: nasal stuffiness and epistaxis

aging adults: loss of subcutaneous fat

older adults: decreased sense of taste and smell, tooth loss

Incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the nose, mouth, and throat.