Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, including definitions, key equations, and principles.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A principle stating that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant over generations unless acted upon by external forces.

Allele Frequency

The relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage.

p

The frequency of the dominant allele (A₁) in the population.

q

The frequency of the recessive allele (A₂) in the population.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual, which determines a particular characteristic.

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

The equation representing the frequencies of genotypes in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Random Mating

A condition where individuals pair by chance and not according to their genotypes or phenotypes.

Evolution

The change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.

Selection

The process through which certain traits become more prevalent in a population due to reproductive success.

Violation of Assumptions

Occurs when one or more of the Hardy-Weinberg conditions are not met, leading to changes in allele frequencies and evolution.