EMT Chapter 7

Accurately communicating patient injury information to other health care professionals is most reliant​ upon:
A.
A strong radio signal
B.
A good knowledge of proper anatomic terminology
C.
Properly placed cellular towers
D.
Good handwriting

A good knowledge of proper anatomic terminology

Which statement about the human anatomy is​ true?
A.
The hand is proximal to the elbow
B.
The knee is proximal to the ankle
C.
The shoulder is distal to the hand
D.
The hip is distal to the knee

The knee is proximal to the ankle

Which term is most closely related to the​ elbow?
A.
Calcaneal
B.
Acetabular
C.
Tibial
D.
Cubital

Cubital

The EMT shows correct understanding of the circulatory system when he identifies the primary function of the heart​ as:
A.
Oxygenating blood in the lungs
B.
Transferring oxygen to the cells
C.
Maintaining the volume of blood
D.
Pumping blood throughout the body

Pumping blood throughout the body

A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which bones could be involved in this​ injury?
A.
​Femur, tibia, or fibula
B.
​Orbit, lumbar, or shin
C.
​Acetabulum, calcaneus, or carpals
D.
​Radius, ulna,​ humerus, or carpals

Femur, tibia, or fibula

A patient has experienced a burn to the skin. Based on the function of the​ skin, he is now more susceptible​ to:
A.
Infection
B.
Endocrine disorders
C.
Heart problems
D.
Fluid overload

Infection

Another EMT informs you that a patient has been stabbed once with a knife in the right midaxillary region. Which description best identifies where is this injury​ located?
A.
Right side of the abdomen
B.
Right shoulder
C.
Right lateral chest
D.
Right chest

Right lateral chest

A patient informs you that he injured a tendon in his knee three years ago and has had a difficult time walking since then. You recognize that this injury involves a structure​ that:
A.
Holds and secures the bones of the knee
B.
Connects muscles to the knee
C.
Attaches a ligament to the knee
D.
Connects the muscles together surrounding the knee

Connects muscles to the knee

What is the name of the fluid that carries blood cells and​ nutrients?
A.
Hemoglobin
B.
Plasma
C.
Total body water
D.
Platelet fluid

Plasma

Which structure or vessel carries​ oxygen-depleted blood to the right​ atrium?
A.
Posterior tibial
B.
Vena cava
C.
Aorta
D.
Internal jugular

Vena cava

When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles​ relax, which phase of the respiratory cycle happens​ next?
A.
Expansion
B.
Exhalation
C.
Inhalation
D.
Retraction

Exhalation

For the lungs to oxygenate​ blood, there must be blood flow provided by the right ventricle to the alveoli. This is an example of which​ principle?
A.
Physiology
B.
Anatomic actions
C.
Anatomy
D.
Pathophysiology

Physiology

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for increasing gastric juice secretions after a person eats a​ meal?
A.
Somatic
B.
Sympathetic
C.
Autonomic
D.
Voluntary

Autonomic

Which body system protects internal organs of the chest and provides for movement of the​ extremities?
A.
Endocrine
B.
Nervous
C.
Immune
D.
Musculoskeletal

Musculoskeletal

Which assessment finding should the EMT expect after administering epinephrine to a​ patient?
A.
Generalized weakness
B.
Increased blood pressure
C.
Slowing of the heart rate
D.
Labored breathing

Increased blood pressure

Knowing that muscular dystrophy affects the voluntary​ muscles, which additional problem should you expect to be a direct effect of the​ disease?
A.
Slow heart rate
B.
Inability to walk
C.
Vasodilation
D.
Constipation

Inability to walk

An enlarged liver is best documented​ as:
A.
Ascites
B.
Gastric distention
C.
Hepatitis
D.
Hepatomegaly

Hepatomegaly

The structure containing a​ person's "voice​ box" is termed​ the:
A.
Trachea
B.
Pharynx
C.
Sternum
D.
Larynx

Larynx

A female patient has suffered a stroke to the right side of her brain and has paralysis to the contralateral portion of the body. Which description of this condition is​ correct?
A.
She cannot move her arms or legs
B.
She is paralyzed on the right side of her body
C.
She cannot move her left arm and leg
D.
Her left and right legs are paralyzed

She cannot move her left arm and leg

A psychologically disturbed patient decided to kill himself by shooting himself in the head. The bullet entered the right temporal lobe and exited the skull on the opposite side. If this patient is​ unresponsive, what is the most likely​ cause?
A.
The cerebellum is damaged
B.
Both cerebral hemispheres are damaged
C.
The patient has likely lost too much blood
D.
The endocrine system​ (hypothalamus) has failed

Both cerebral hemispheres are damaged

Which line divides the body into right and left halves when viewing it from the​ front?
A.
Anterior axillary line
B.
Midline
C.
Midclavicular line
D.
Midaxillary line

Midline

The infant airway differs from the adult airway in​ that:
A.
The​ infant's trachea is highly rigid and less flexible to movement
B.
All of the​ infant's respiratory structures are proportionally smaller and more easily obstructed
C.
The​ infant's tongue takes up proportionately more space in the mouth
D.
The​ infant's epiglottis is smaller and located behind the esophagus

The​ infant's tongue takes up proportionately more space in the mouth

After you apply and use the automated external​ defibrillator, a patient regains his pulse and has adequate respirations. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How should you position this​ patient?
A.
Supine with his head turned left
B.
On his left side
C.
On his back
D.
On his stomach

On his left side

You are reading a patient care report written by your partner. Which sentence would cause you to tell your partner that you have found an​ error?
A.
​"The patient was placed in​ Fowler's position with the upper body elevated 45​ degrees."
B.
​"The patient was placed in a​ face-up prone​ position."
C.
​"The patient was in a lateral recumbent position so as to allow airway monitoring while en route to the​ hospital."
D.
​"The patient was found in a supine position with his hips and legs flexed toward the​ core."

"The patient was placed in a​ face-up prone​ position."

The alveoli of a​ patient's lungs are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia. How does this disturbance place the patient at​ risk?
A.
Decreased movement of air into the lungs
B.
Collapse of the trachea and bronchi
C.
Decreased movement of the diaphragm
D.
Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body

Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body

A patellar fracture affects which part of the​ body?
A.
Tibia
B.
Knee
C.
Elbow
D.
Hip

Knee

An abrasion affects which part of the​ skin?
A.
Epidermis
B.
Dermal and subcutaneous layers
C.
Dermal layer
D.
Epidermal and dermal layers

Epidermal and dermal layers

A patient described as dysphagic presents​ as:
A.
Being unable to speak
B.
Exhibiting a painful cough
C.
Having difficulty breathing
D.
Having difficulty swallowing

Having difficulty swallowing

Which action produces inhalation and contributes to airflow into the​ lungs?
A.
The pressure in the chest increases
B.
The intercostal muscles relax
C.
The diaphragm contracts
D.
The chest cavity decreases in size

The diaphragm contracts

A patient with kidney failure has lost his ability​ to:
A.
Produce all hormones
B.
Filter and excrete wastes
C.
Digest fatty foods
D.
Absorb nutrients

Filter and excrete wastes

In which body system are the thyroid​ glands, adrenal​ glands, pituitary​ glands, and gonads​ located?
A.
Endocrine
B.
Nervous
C.
Respiratory
D.
Hormonal

Endocrine

A patient has severe swelling of the​ leaf-shaped flap that helps to prevent food from entering the lower respiratory system while swallowing. Knowing that the suffix​ "itis" refers to​ inflammation, what is this​ patient's condition?
A.
Epiglottitis
B.
Bronchitis
C.
Pharyngitis
D.
Tracheitis

Epiglottitis

As a patient provides you with her past medical​ history, which condition should you recognize as directly related to the endocrine​ system?
A.
Blockage of the gallbladder
B.
Failure of the kidneys
C.
Enlargement of the appendix
D.
Removal of the thyroid

Removal of the thyroid

A female patient has a muscular disease and cannot​ walk, so she requires a wheelchair. Because the patient cannot ambulate by her own​ will, you would recognize that the muscles involved​ are:
A.
Cardiac
B.
Smooth
C.
Voluntary
D.
Involuntary

Voluntary

A​ 23-year-old male patient has been shot with a rifle by an assailant standing in front of him. The bullet entered the​ victim's chest just above the left nipple and exited his body laterally left of his fourth lumbar vertebrae. Proper documentation of this injury would​ include:
A.
Entry wound to the anterior thorax
B.
Entry wound to the abdomen
C.
Exit wound to the posterior torso
D.
Exit wound to the posterior thorax

Entry wound to the anterior thorax

Which statement best describes the anatomic​ position?
A.
Prone position with arms upward and palms facing upward
B.
Upright and facing backward with the arms raised and legs straight
C.
Supine position with arms at the side and palms facing downward
D.
Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward

Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward

A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spine injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you should understand that the patient has reflex activity in which part of the​ body?
A.
Hands
B.
Fingers
C.
Feet
D.
Arms

Feet

A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and fluid in her lung tissue. Failure of which of the​ heart's valves is likely responsible for this​ condition?
A.
Tricuspid
B.
Right
C.
Pulmonary
D.
Bicuspid

Bicuspid

A patient who has had both her thyroid and parathyroid glands removed would most likely have difficulty​ with:
A.
Regulating blood sugar
B.
Maintaining strong and healthy bones
C.
Producing the hormones that govern sex characteristics
D.
Maintaining an adequate blood pressure

Maintaining strong and healthy bones

The bones of the upper extremities include​ the:
A.
Phalanges and tibia
B.
Humerus and calcaneus
C.
​Radius, ulna, and tarsals
D.
Humerus and radius

Humerus and radius

In the healthy​ heart, the electrical impulses that cause normal contraction of the cardiac muscle are initiated in​ the:
A.
Sinoatrial node
B.
Left atrium
C.
Ventricles
D.
Bundle branches

Sinoatrial node

A patient with asthma is short of breath because her small airways are constricted. For this​ patient, the best medication is one that has which sympathetic​ (adrenergic) properties?
A.
​Alpha-2
B.
​Alpha-1
C.
​Beta-2
D.
​Beta-1

Beta-2

What is the primary function of the left​ atrium?
A.
It pumps blood to the body
B.
It receives blood from the pulmonary veins
C.
It pumps blood to the lungs
D.
It receives blood from the vena cava

It receives blood from the pulmonary veins

You are using cryotherapy to treat a deformed and painful ankle. This treatment involves the use​ of:
A.
Massage
B.
Ice
C.
Heat
D.
Compression

Ice

A patient has taken a medication that increases the activity of his sympathetic nervous system. Given this​ treatment, which sign or symptom would the EMT expect to​ find?
A.
Decreased heart rate
B.
Dilated pupils
C.
Low blood pressure
D.
Dry and flushed skin

Dilated pupils

Understanding physiology will allow the EMT to understand that bronchoconstriction will have which effect on​ breathing?
A.
There will be an increase in the flow of air through the bronchioles
B.
There will be a decrease in the work of breathing
C.
There will be an increase in the work of breathing
D.
There will be a decrease in the​ patient's respiratory rate

There will be an increase in the work of breathing

Which type of joint provides the greatest amount of free​ motion?
A.
Gliding joint
B.
Hinged joint
C.
​Ball-and-socket joint
D.
Saddle joint

Ball-and-socket joint

What is the name of the male reproductive structure that stores​ sperm?
A.
Vas deferens
B.
Testes
C.
Epididymis
D.
Seminal vesicles

Epididymis

Which individual finding in a patient is the most reliable indicator that the patient is breathing​ inadequately?
A.
Respiratory rate of 22​ breaths/min in an elderly patient
B.
Respiratory rate of 16​ breaths/min in a child
C.
Shallow breathing at a rate of 30​ breaths/min in an infant
D.
Chest wall motion outward of 1 inch during inhalation in an adult patient

Shallow breathing at a rate of 30​ breaths/min in an infant

The segment of the spinal column that forms the posterior pelvis is​ the:
A.
Lumbar segment
B.
Sacral vertebrae
C.
Thoracic spine
D.
Cervical vertebrae

Sacral vertebrae

You are assessing a patient with an obvious left midshaft femur fracture. The most immediate threat to this​ patient's survival​ is:
A.
Nerve damage
B.
Pain
C.
Infection
D.
Blood loss

Blood loss

What is the basic function of the respiratory​ system?
A.
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment
B.
Release oxygen from the body via hemoglobin sites
C.
Provide nutrients to the cells absorbed into the bloodstream
D.
Transport oxygen throughout the body

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment

A patient with a calcaneal fracture has a​ broken:
A.
Thigh
B.
Foot
C.
Heel
D.
Knee

Heel

Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a​ 73-year-old female patient has fallen and has a hematoma to the occipital area of her head. Based on this​ description, you should expect to find the injury in which area of the​ head?
A.
Front
B.
Back
C.
Top
D.
Side

Back

When palpating a pulse on top of the​ foot, the EMT is assessing blood flow in which​ vessel?
A.
Femoral vein
B.
Coronary artery
C.
Posterior tibial vein
D.
Dorsalis pedis artery

Dorsalis pedis artery

A patient has a total occlusion of the left femoral artery. With this​ condition, which assessment finding would the EMT​ expect?
A.
Swelling in the legs
B.
Decreased radial pulse
C.
Difficulty moving the left arm
D.
Pale skin to the left foot

Pale skin to the left foot

A​ patient's blood glucose​ (sugar) level begins to drop. Which organ would be affected first due to its heavy reliance on circulating​ glucose?
A.
Spleen
B.
Brain
C.
Muscles
D.
Heart

Brain

What represents the correct sequence for the passage of air into the​ lungs, when starting from outside the​ body?
A.
​Nose, bronchi,​ larynx, trachea,​ pharynx, air sacs
B.
​Epiglottis, trachea,​ cricoid, bronchi, air sacs
C.
​Larynx, esophagus,​ trachea, bronchi, alveoli
D.
​Mouth, pharynx,​ trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Mouth, pharynx,​ trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Involuntary or smooth muscles are found in the walls of which types of​ structures?
A.
Spinal cord
B.
Blood vessels and intestines
C.
Heart and brain
D.
Muscles of the arms and legs

Blood vessels and intestines

Which finding is a​ beta-1 sympathetic​ (adrenergic) effect?
A.
Vasodilation
B.
Increased heart rate
C.
Vasoconstriction
D.
Bronchodilation

Increased heart rate

A tachypneic patient is​ breathing:
A.
Slowly
B.
Rapidly
C.
Deeply
D.
Shallowly

Rapidly

An​ 89-year-old female patient has fallen in her living room and has pain in her left hip. As you​ approach, you note that she is on her back with her left leg turned inward. When relaying this information to the receiving​ hospital, how would you describe her​ position?
A.
Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity
B.
Supine with left rotation of the right leg
C.
Lateral recumbent with dorsal rotation of the left leg
D.
Supine with lateral rotation of the left lower extremity

Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity

A patient with dentalgia is suffering from​ a(n):
A.
Sinus infection
B.
Painful tooth
C.
Throat infection
D.
Inflammation of the tongue

Painful tooth

The spinal column is composed of which​ sections, described in order from most superior to most​ inferior?
A.
​Cervical, thoracic,​ lumbar, sacral, and coccyx
B.
​Coccyx, lumbar,​ thoracic, cervical, and sacral
C.
​Cervical, lumbar,​ thoracic, sacral, and coccyx
D.
​Thoracic, lumbar,​ cervical, coccyx, and sacral

Cervical, thoracic,​ lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

Nephritis indicates which kind of​ infection?
A.
Urinary tract
B.
Kidney
C.
Bladder
D.
Digestive

Kidney

Degenerative disk disease to the vertebrae is characterized by damage to which​ structure(s) between the​ vertebrae?
A.
Spinal cord
B.
Intervertebral disks
C.
Vertebral nerve endings
D.
Spinal joints

Intervertebral disks

Which term refers to how the parts of the body function and​ interact?
A.
Aerobic metabolism
B.
Biome
C.
Anatomy
D.
Physiology

Physiology

Which statement regarding the integumentary system is​ true?
A.
The epidermis is the thickest and most important layer of the skin
B.
The dermal layer is the outermost layer of the skin and contains sensory nerves
C.
The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms
D.
The skin contains four​ layers: epidermal,​ dermal, subcutaneous, and nerve layer

The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms

You have been called to transport a patient who has an illness that has impaired the involuntary​ muscles' ability to contract. What condition would you expect with this​ patient?
A.
Difficulty in walking and grasping objects with the hands
B.
Decreased peristaltic movement of the large intestine
C.
Difficulty in maintaining an upright posture
D.
Decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure

Decreased peristaltic movement of the large intestine

The nervous system is structurally subdivided into​ the:
A.
Involuntary and voluntary nervous systems
B.
Brain and vertebral column
C.
Skull and vertebral column
D.
Central and peripheral nervous systems

Central and peripheral nervous systems

The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the left ventricle contracts is​ called:
A.
Diastolic
B.
Osmotic
C.
Systolic
D.
Arterial

Systolic

You are assessing a patient who informs you that her body abnormally forms blood​ clots, even when they are not needed to stop bleeding. Which condition could you expect the patient to have that contributes to the blood​ clotting?
A.
Decreased clotting factors
B.
Elevated number of platelets
C.
High white blood cell count
D.
Low red blood cell count

Elevated number of platelets

Pain that is described as​ "caustic" by the patient​ is:
A.
Achy
B.
Stabbing
C.
Burning
D.
Sharp

Burning

A patient complains of pain to the upper jaw. This would be documented as pain in​ the:
A.
Maxilla
B.
Mastoid
C.
Mandible
D.
Zygoma

Maxilla

Assessment of an elderly male patients reveals that he is confused. His family states that this status is normal for him because he has a disease of his brain that has affected his ability to remember things. Based on this​ information, in which area of the brain is this disease​ located?
A.
Cerebrum
B.
Brainstem
C.
Cerebellum
D.
Pons

Cerebrum

Which​ organ(s) is​ (are) responsible for production and secretion of the primary female hormone​ progesterone?
A.
External genitals
B.
Ovaries
C.
Testes
D.
Uterus

Ovaries

The terms​ "occipital," "parietal," and​ "frontal" can refer collectively to which part of the​ body?
A.
Spine
B.
Cranium
C.
Pelvis
D.
Chest

Cranium

A patient informs you that he must sprinkle artificial digestive enzymes on all his foods before eating them. Based on this​ information, which endocrine gland should you assume is​ dysfunctional?
A.
Thyroid
B.
Spleen
C.
Adrenal
D.
Pancreas

Pancreas

What is the major artery of the thigh​ called?
A.
Carotid artery
B.
Radial artery
C.
Brachial artery
D.
Femoral artery

Femoral artery

An example of a pivot joint of the body would​ be:
A.
Where the radius and ulna meet the humerus
B.
Where the ankle meets the tibia and ulna
C.
Where the first and second vertebrae meet
D.
Where the femur joints the pelvis

Where the radius and ulna meet the humerus

As you arrive on​ scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. Based on this​ description, you would expect the​ patient's breathing to​ be:
A.
Irregular and deep
B.
Deep and fast
C.
Rapid and shallow
D.
Occasional and gasping

Occasional and gasping

Which statement best describes the difference between cardiac and smooth​ muscle?
A.
Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical​ impulse; smooth muscle cannot
B.
Cardiac muscle is able to​ extend; smooth muscle can only contract
C.
Cardiac muscle relies on an electrical impulse to be​ stimulated; smooth muscle does not
D.
Cardiac muscle does not need a blood​ supply; smooth muscle does

Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical​ impulse; smooth muscle cannot

What is the name of the structure in males and females that transports the urine from the kidneys to the urinary​ bladder?
A.
Vulva
B.
Urethra
C.
Renal pelvis
D.
Ureters

Ureters

Following radiation therapy for breast​ cancer, a female patient has a low white blood cell count. Which condition does this factor place her at risk to​ acquire?
A.
Hypoxia
B.
Infection
C.
Low blood pressure
D.
Bleeding

Infection

A patient experiencing pain in the thoracic region of his spinal column has pain in​ his:
A.
Tailbone
B.
Upper back
C.
Neck
D.
Lower back

Upper back

A patient complains of extreme​ dizziness, headache, and other​ "stroke-like" symptoms. Which condition is most likely to be responsible for these​ symptoms?
A.
Clot in the abdominal aorta
B.
Occlusion of the carotid arteries
C.
Occlusion of the popliteal vein
D.
Rupture of the radial vein

Occlusion of the carotid arteries

Which components of the nervous system must be functional for a patient to be​ conscious?
A.
One cerebral hemisphere and the pineal gland
B.
The RAS and pineal gland
C.
One cerebral hemisphere and the reticular activating system
D.
Both cerebral hemispheres

One cerebral hemisphere and the reticular activating system

Which statement regarding the endocrine system is most​ correct?
A.
It is a system of glands that regulates consciousness
B.
It includes the​ thyroid, parathyroid,​ adrenal, and salivary glands
C.
It is a system of glands that releases hormones via ducts into the bloodstream
D.
It is made up of several glands whose secretions cause specific actions in specific organs

It is made up of several glands whose secretions cause specific actions in specific organs

A patient informs you that he has had his gallbladder surgically removed. Based on the physiology of the​ gallbladder, which statement is most true regarding this​ patient?
A.
He must avoid meals high in complex carbohydrates
B.
He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats
C.
He cannot store glycogen produced by the liver
D.
He will be more prone to gastric ulcers

He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats

What is the term that refers to the structure of the​ body?
A.
Metabolism
B.
Physiology
C.
Anatomy
D.
Combining forms

Anatomy

Based on the anatomic and physiological differences between an infant and an​ adult, which finding would suggest respiratory distress in an​ infant, but would be less likely to be observed in an​ adult?
A.
Nasal flaring during exhalation
B.
Breathing with the mouth open
C.
Increased respiratory rate
D.
Excessive abdominal wall motion

Excessive abdominal wall motion

What is a function of the skeletal​ system?
A.
Providing structure and points of attachment to blood vessels
B.
Forming the vital organs of the body
C.
Producing blood cells
D.
Protecting all of the abdominal organs

Producing blood cells

A patient with bronchitis is​ experiencing:
A.
Fluid in the trachea and bronchioles
B.
Accumulation of mucus in the trachea
C.
Infection of the alveoli
D.
Inflammation of the bronchi

Inflammation of the bronchi

The left side of a​ patient's heart is in severe​ failure, causing blood to back up behind it. Which sign or symptom are you most likely to observe​ first?
A.
Bone pain in the legs
B.
Decreased respirations
C.
Swelling in the feet
D.
Crackles in the lungs

Crackles in the lungs

A patient has experienced a stroke that has permanently injured his brainstem. Which sign or symptom might the EMT expect to find as a result of this​ condition?
A.
Abnormal respirations
B.
Confusion
C.
Muscle spasms
D.
Blindness

Abnormal respirations

A patient suffering a carpal fracture would most likely complain of pain in​ her:
A.
Knee
B.
Wrist
C.
Ankle
D.
Elbow

Wrist

Acrocyanosis is best described as a bluish discoloration of the​ patient's:
A.
Head
B.
Abdomen
C.
Chest
D.
Extremities

Extremities

Assessment of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision reveals tenderness over ribs​ 9-12 on the lateral right side. Based on this​ injury, the EMT should be alert for which additional​ concern?
A.
Injury to the liver
B.
Damage to the heart
C.
Pain from possible rib fractures
D.
Damage to the false ribs

Injury to the liver

Occlusion to which pulmonary structure would cause total cessation of airflow into and out of the​ lungs?
A.
Right bronchi
B.
Nasopharynx
C.
Esophagus
D.
Trachea

Trachea

Which plane would show the​ liver, stomach, and​ spleen?
A.
Midline plane
B.
Transverse plane
C.
Sagittal plane
D.
Abdominal plane

Transverse plane