Rise and Spread of Islam

**Arabian Peninsula**

**It is the crossroad of 3 continents and the origin of Islam begins on it**

**Muhammad**

The final and greatest prophet of Allah. He is considered to be the founder of Islam. A merchant earlier in his life, he was chosen to deliver the word of Allah when he received a message from Allah through the archangel Gabriel.

**Allah**

The term for God in arabic. Muslims must declare their faith to only one God (a monotheistic religion).

**Mecca**

The birthplace of Muhammad. It is the location Muhammad first began to spread the word of Allah. 

**The Hijrah**

**the journey of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina.Also the  turning point of Islam**

**Shahada**

Declaration of faith in one God (Allah).

**Salat**

Daily prayers

**Zakat**

Charity to the poor

**Sawm**

Fasting during Ramadan

**Hajj**

Pilgrimage  to Mecca

**The Five Pillars of Islam**

1. Shahada
2. Salat
3. Zakat
4. Sawm
5. Hajj

**Muezzins**

**an official that makes a call to prayer**

**Minaret**

**tall tower or spires that surround a mosque**

**Kaaba**

**believed to be the first house of worship built to god by Abraham**

**Qur’an**

**it is the holy book of the Muslims and the revelations  of Allah is written in this book**

**Arabic**

**The Koran is written in Arabic.Only Arabic can be used in worship.Wherever Muslims carried the Qur’an, Arabic became the language of worshipers and scholars.The Arabic language helped unite conquered peoples as Muslim control expanded**

**“People of the Book”**

**the muslims refer to the Christians and Jews as the “People of the Book”.To Muslims, they are spiritually superior to polytheistic idol worshippers.**

**The Dome of the Rock**

**It is located in Jerusalem, and is the earliest survivingIslamic monument.It was completed in 691 and is part of a larger complex, which is the third most holy place in Islam**

**The 3 C’s**

**Commerce**

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**Conquest**

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**Conversion**

**Caliph**

A ‘successor’ just carrying on Muhammad’s role as an administrator and military leader, but not as a prophet

**Sunni**

Supported **Abu Bakr** as Muhammad’s successor

**Shiite**

Supported **Ali** as Muhammad’s successor

**Jihad**

**The struggle in god's service and also called the unofficial  “6th pillar of Islam”.**

**Mosque**

The house of worship for Muslims. 

**Sharia Law**

Code of Islamic laws based of Sharia & applied to everyday life

**Islam & Women**

Spiritually equal to men helps women gain a greater position in the region

Babur

founded the Mughal dynasty in the 16th century after conquering northern India from his base in Kabul.

Abu Bakr

1st leader of Islam after Muhammad

Ali

4th leader of Islam

Jizyah

non-Muslim tax

Aurangzeb

Under him the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, although his policies helped lead to its dissolution.

Sunnah

the prophet Muhammad's way of life and legal precedent

Halal

lawful or permitted

Haram

forbidened

Akbar

God is the greatest

The Abbasid Dynasty

Golden Age under this Dynasty. Known as “Pax Islamica”