Bio Meiosis chap.

What are the starting and ending cell types in mitosis?

Mitosis begins and ends with diploid cells.

In which type of cells does meiosis I occur?

Meiosis I only occurs in egg and sperm cells.

What is meiosis specifically the division of?

Meiosis is the division of gametes.

How many divisions occur in meiosis and what are they called?

There are two divisions in meiosis, called meiosis I and meiosis II.

How is meiosis different from mitosis regarding chromosome number?

In meiosis, the chromosome number is cut in half.

What does haploid mean?

Haploid equals half the full number of chromosomes.

Why must every organism be diploid?

Every organism must be diploid to have a full set of chromosomes.

What happens to sex cells during fertilization?

Sex cells become haploid so that when they combine during fertilization, the diploid number is restored in the offspring.

What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?

In prophase I, chromosomes become visible, the nucleus dissolves, and centrioles extend.

What is crossing over in meiosis?

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity.

What happens to homologous chromosomes during metaphase I?

Homologous chromosomes are moved to the middle and line up next to each other randomly, adding to variation.

What occurs during anaphase I?

During anaphase I, centrioles pull the chromosomes into different halves of the cell.

What happens during telophase I?

During telophase I, centrioles disappear, nuclei reform, and cytokinesis occurs.

What happens during prophase II?

During prophase II, there are now two sets of cells, both of which will undergo meiosis II.

What is the result of meiosis II?

Meiosis II results in four haploid sex cells.

What happens during metaphase II?

During metaphase II, centrioles attach and move chromosomes to the middle.

What occurs in anaphase II?

In anaphase II, centrioles pull the chromosomes apart.

What happens during telophase II?

During telophase II, the same things happen as in phase I, also followed by cytokinesis.

What is sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction is offspring that have genetic input from two parents.

What is asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction is offspring that has genetic input from one parent.