AP psych research and history (unit1-2)

Wilhelm Wundt

established the first laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany, after what many consider psychology’s first experiment (assessing speed of thought and feelings)

William James

wrote the first psychology textbook in 1890, originally thought of functionalism, known for writing and teaching at Harvard

Mary Whiton Calkins

Student of William James, earned Harvard PhD but got denied, became APA’s first female president in 1905

Margaret Floy Washburn

“first” woman to receive PhD in psychology, wrote The Animal Mind, became second female APA president in 1921, had thesis published in Wundt’s journal

Ivan Pavlov

developed an experiment testing the concept of conditioned reflex(trained dog to salivate at sound of buzzer because association w/ food)

Sigmund Freud

Austrian physician, developed influential theory of personality, psychoanalysis

John B Watson

ignored introspection, redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior”

demonstrated conditioned responses with Little Albert(conditioned to be afraid of a rat)

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BF skinner

behaviorist, rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior

Abraham Maslow

worked with carl rogers, importance of having needs for love and acceptance satisfied(hierarchy for needs)

Carl Rogers

Worked with Maslow, found behaviorism’s focus on learned behaviors too mechanistic, current environmental influences on growth potential

Charles Darwin

argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies, how species form and change overtime

Dorothea Dix

American nurse who helped with founding or expanding more than 30 hospitals for mentally ill

G. Stanley Hall

developed concept of “genetic psychology” genes influence personality

Structuralism

using introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind, what’s already engraved in our minds (certain reactions to specific things that everyone does, like laughing)

Functionalism

focusing on how mental and behavioral processes function, how they help us adapt, the human mind adapts to different environments (ex. why does the nose smell?)

behaviorism

science is rooted in observation, studies behavior without reference to mental processes, cannot observe feelings or thoughts

psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts (childhood traumas, unfulfilled wishes(personality and disorders)

Humanism

individual potential growth, looking at whole person and uniqueness, becoming more yourself

evolutionary

how natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes

biological (nueroscience)

how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, sensory experiences (brain circuits that cause us to be “red in the face”)

cognitive

how we encode, store, process, and retrieve info (how situation affects anger, how anger affects thinking)

sociocultural

how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures