Chapter 9.2

Flashcards for medical terminology chapter nine, focusing on terms related to blood and the immune system.

Antibody

A protein that B cells make to inactivate foreign invaders, shaped like a Y.

Antigen

A substance, usually on a foreign invader, that provokes an immune response and binds to antibodies.

Histamine

A molecule released during an immune response that increases blood flow to the area, causing swelling and irritation.

Immunity

Protection against disease.

Pathogen

Any microorganism or substance that causes disease.

Phagocytosis

Cellular eating or the process by which cells engulf and destroy foreign material.

Chromo/Chromato

Color

Cyto

Cell

Erythro

Red

Granulo

Granules

Hemo/Haemato

Blood

Immuno

Immune/Safe

Leuko

White

Lympho

Lymph

Neutro

Neutral

Nucleo

Nucleus

Patho

Disease

Phago

Eat/Swallow

Phlebo

Vein

Plazo/Plasto

Formation/Growth

Thrombo

Blood Clot

Auto

Self/Same

Baso

Base/Basic

Macro

Large/Long

Micro

Small

Mono

One

Pro

Before/Promoting

Poly

Many/Much

Cyt

Cell

Emia

Condition of Blood

Cis

Condition/Process

Gen

Origin/Production

Lysis

Destruction/Breakdown/Rupture

Osis

Abnormal Condition

Penia

Deficiency Of

Philia

Attraction For

Poiesis

Production/Formation

Rhage

Flowing Forth

Leukopenia

Low white blood cell count.

Thrombocytopenia

Deficiency of platelets.

Eosinophilia

Large amount of eosinophils being drawn to a certain area.

Hemopoiesis

Production of blood.

Leukopoiesis

Formation of white blood cells.

Erythropoiesis

Formation of red blood cells.

Hematopoietic

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

Hemolytic

Rupture of blood cells.

Hemorrhagic

Hemorrhaging.

Hemostasis

Stopping your bleeding.

Autoimmunity

One's own immune system components are attacking your own body tissues.

Cytopathic

Pertaining to disease, describing cellular damage happening inside the body.

Inflammatory

Pertaining to or promoting inflammation.

Pancytopenia

Deficiency in all types of blood cells (red, white, and platelets).

Polycythemia

Too many red blood cells, making the blood too viscous.

Septicemia

Spread of microorganisms or their toxins throughout the blood, leading to a systemic infection.

Hemochromatosis

Inherited genetic disorder where you're excessively absorbing and storing iron, leading to multi-organ dysfunction.

Anemia

Reduced oxygen carrying capacity by the blood.

Aplastic Anemia

Not enough red blood cells are being made in the bone marrow.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Anemia caused by a deficiency in iron, impairing hemoglobin construction.

Pernicious Anemia

Anemia caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency, needed for proper red blood cell synthesis.

Hemorrhagic Anemia

Anemia due to profuse blood loss.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Inherited disorder in hemoglobin construction causing red blood cells to collapse into a sickle shape under low oxygen conditions.

Thalassemia

Inherited disorder with a problem in hemoglobin construction, first discovered in populations near the Mediterranean Sea. Also known as Sea Blood.

Hemophilia

Bleeding disorder due to a deficiency in one or more clotting factors.

Thrombocytopenia

Disorder with low levels of platelets in the blood, impairing clotting ability.

Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)

Most common inherited bleeding disorder, characterized by a tendency to bleed from mucus membranes due to a missing von Willebrand factor.

Thrombosis

The abnormal presence of clotting within a blood vessel.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune disease.

Mononucleosis

Viral infection transmitted through saliva, infecting lymphocytes and causing fatigue and enlarged lymph nodes.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune disease that targets the joints which causes destruction of the synovial membrane.

Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE)

Autoimmune disease that targets many different body systems, often presenting with a butterfly rash across the face.

Sjogren's Syndrome

Autoimmune disorder where white blood cells attack moisture-producing glands, leading to dryness.