US HISTORY POST CIVIL WAR

LAILA

TENURE OF OFFICE ACT 1866

TENURE OF OFFICE ACT 1866

ENACTED BY RADICAL CONGRESS: IT FORBADE THE PRESIDENT FROM REMOVING CIVIL OFFICERS WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE SENATE. IT WAS MEANT TO PREVENT JOHNSON FROM REMOVING RADICALS FROM OFFICE. JOHNSON BROKE THIS LAW WHEN HE FIRED THE SECRETARY OF WAR: STANTON FROM HIS CABINET, HE WAS IMPEACHED FOR THIS “CRIME”.

FREEDMAN’S BUREAU

CREATED IN 1865 TO HELP FREEDMEN TO ADJUST. PROVIDED EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, ETC. RESENTED IN THE WHITE SOUTH.

14 TH AMENDMENT

GRANTED CITIZENSHIP AND PROTECTION TO ALL PEOPLE BORN IN THE US. INCLUDING SLAVES BORN IN THE US. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws

SHARECROPPING

SYSTEM IN WHICH LANDOWNERS LEASED A FEW ACRES OF LAND TO FARM WORKERS IN RETURN FOR A PORTION OF THEIR CROPS

CREDIT MOBILIER SCANDAL

1872 ILLEGAL MANIPULATION OF CONTRACTS BY A CONSTRUCTION AND FINANCE COMPANY ASSOCIATED WITH THE BUILDING OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD

NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST

GENERAL FORREST MAY HAVE BEEN ONE OF THE MOST RESPECTED CALVARYMEN OF THE CIVIL WAR BUT HIS LEGEND IS MARRED BY HIS RACISM. BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR FORREST WAS A SLAVE TRADER AND AFTER HE BECAME ONE OF THE FIRST GRAND WIZARDS OF TH EKLU KLUX KLAN

US VS CRUIKSHANK (1876)

LOUISIANA: BLACKS PROTESTED VOTER RIGHTS WHEN 3 GUNMEN MURDERED 100’S, GUNMEN ARRESTED FOR VIOLATING BLACKS’ CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. RULING PEOPLE CAN NOT VIOLATE OTHERS’ CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS- ONLY STATES CAN UNDER THE 14TH AMENDMENT

REDEEMERS

SOUTHERN DEMOCRATIC POLITICIANS WHO SOUGHT TO WREST CONTROL FROM REPUBLICAN REGIMES IN THE SOUTH AFTER THE RECONSTRUCTION

BLAND-ALLISON ACT

1873 LAW THAT REQUIRED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO PURCHASE AND COIN MORE SILVER, INCREASING THE MONEY SUPPLY AND CAUSING INFLATION.

CRIME OF 1873

THE 4 TH COINAGE ACT EMBRACED THE GOLD STANDARD AND DE-MONETIZED SILVER. U.S. SET THE SPECIE STANDARD IN GOLD AND NOT SILVER, UPSETTING MINERS WHO REFERRED TO IT AS A CRIME

MUNN VS ILLINOIS

1877 SUPREME COURT DECISION THAT ALLOWED STATES TO REGULATE CERTAIN BUSINESSES WITHIN THEIR BORDERS IF IT IS IN THE PUBLIC BEST INTEREST

JOHN WESLEY POWELL

EXPLORER AND GEOLOGIST WHO WARNED THAT TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE COULD NOT SUCCEED WEST OF THE 100 TH MERIDIAN. Thought that Irigation and dams were the so

SAND CREEK MASSACRE

1864 INCIDENT WHICH COLORADO MILITIA KILLED A CAMP OF CHEYENNE AND ARAPAHO INDIANS

DAWES ACT

1877 LAW WHICH GAVE NATIVE AMERICAN MALES 160 ACRES TO FARM AND ALSO SET UP SCHOOLS TO MAKE NATIVE AMERICAN CHILDREN MORE LIKE OTHER AMERICANS

GHOST DANCE MOVEMENT

RELIGION OF THE LATE 1880’S AND EARLY 1890’S THAT COMBINED ELEMENTS OF CHRISTIANITY AND TRADITIONAL NATIVE AMERICAN RELIGION. IT FOSTERED PLAINS INDIANS’ HOPE THAT THEY COULD. THROUGH SACRED DANCES, RESURRECT THE GREAT BISON HERDS AND CALL UP A STORM TO DRIVE WHITES BACK ACROSS THE ATLANTIC

LONE WOLF VS, HITCHCOCK

A 1903 SUPREME COURT RULING THAT CONGRESS COULD MAKE INDIAN POLICIES IT CHOSE, IGNORING ALL EXISTING TREATIES

VERTICAL INTEGRATION

PRACTICE WHERE A SINGLE ENTITY CONTROLS THE ENTIRE PROCESS OF A PRODUCT, FROM THE RAW MATERIALS TO DISTRIBUTION

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION

ABSORPTION INTO A SINGLE FIRM OF SEVERAL FIRMS INVOLVED IN THE SAME LEVEL OF PRODUCTION AND SHARING RESOURCES AT THAT LEVEL.

GRANGER LAWS

A SET OF LAWS DESIGNED TO ADDRESS RAILROAD DISCRIMINATION AGAINST SMALL FARMERS, COVERING ISSUES LIKE FREIGHT RATES AND RAILROAD REBATES.

KNIGHTS OF LABOR

1 ST EFFORT TO CREATE NATIONAL UNION. OPEN TO EVERYONE BUT LAWYERS AND BANKERS. VAGUE PROGRAM, NO CLEAR GOALS, WEAK LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION, FAILED.

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR

1886, FOUNDED BY SAMUEL GOMPERS: SOUGHT BETTER WAGES, HRS, WORKING CONDITIONS; SKILLED LABORERS AROSE OUT OF DISSATISFACTION WITH THE KNIGHTS OF LABOR, REJECTED SOCIALIST AND COMMUNIST IDEAS, NON-VIOLENT

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT

1887 ESTABLISHED THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION IN PART TO MONITOR DISCRIMINATION WITHIN RAILROAD INDUSTRY. PROHIBITED REBATES AND POOLS AND REQUIRED RAILROADS TO PUBLISH THEIR RATES, ALSO, PROHIBITED UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST SHIPPERS AND OUTLAWED THE PRACTICE OF CHARGING MORE FOR SHORT HAULS THAN LON HAULS. Enacted because RR were overcharging farmers and not publishing their rates.

HOMESTEAD STRIKE

1892 STEELWORKER STRIKE NEAR PITTSBURG AGAINST CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY. TEN STEAL WORKERS WERE KILLED IN A RIOT WHEN “ SCAB “ LABOR WAS BROUGHT IN TO FORCE AN END TO THE STRIKE.

HENRY GEORGE

HE WROTE PROGRESS AND POVERTY IN 1879, proposed the single tax: that the state tax away all economic rent—the income from the use of bare land but not from improvements—and abolish all other taxes.

JOHN ROCKEFELLER

CREATOR OF THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY WHO MADE A FORTUNE ON IT AND JOINED WITH COMPETING COMPANIES IN TRUST AGREEMENTS THATIN OTHER WORDS MADE AN AMAZING MONOPOLY.

ANDREW CARNEGIE

A SCOTTISH-BORN AMERICAN INDUSTRIALIST AND PHILANTHROPIST WHO FOUNDED THE CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY IN 1892. BY 1901, HIS COMPANY DOMINATED THE AMERICAN STEEL COMPANY

SAMUEL GOMPERS

HE WAS THE CREATOR OF THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR. HE PROVIDED A STABLE AND UNIFIED UNIONFOR SKILLED WORKERS.

FEDRICK JACKSON TURNER

HISTORIAN DURING THE 1890’S WHO WROTE THE FRONTIER THESIS, WHICH ARGUED THAT THE CONTINUOUS EXISTENCE OF THE AMERICAN FRONTIER HAD SHAPED THE CHARACTER OF THE NATION, AND THE END OF THIS FRONTIER MARKED THE END OF THE FIRST CHAPTER IN AMERICAN HISTORY

FREDRICK WINSLOW TAYLOR

CREATED THE BASIS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS IN A QUEST FOR EFFICIENCY.

DENNIS KEARNEY

RACIST AGAINST THE CHINESE AND HE CAMPAIGNED TO KICK THEM OUT. IRONY IS THAT THE IRISH WERE HATED ON THE EAST-COAST AND HE HIMSELF WAS FOLLOWERS WERE KEARNEYITES.

WILLIAM SEWARD

SECRETARY OF STATE WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PURCHASING ALASKAN TERRITORY FROM RUSSIA. BY PURCHASING ALASKA, HE EXPANDED THE TERRITORY OF THE COUNTRY AT A REASONABLE PRICE

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON

A MEMBER OF THE WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN 1840. SHE ADVOCATED SUFFERAGE FOR WOMEN AT THE FIRST WOMEN’S RIGHTS CONVENTION IN SENECA, NEW YORK 1848.. STANTON READ A “DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS” WHICH DECLARED “ ALL MEN AND WOMEN ARE CREATED EQUAL”

EUGENE VS. DEBS

HEAD OF THE AMERICAN RAILRAW UNION AND DIRECTOR OF THE PULLMAN STRIKE: HE WAS IMPRISIONED ALONG WITH HIS ASSOCIATES FOR IGNORING A FEDERAL COURT INJUNCTION TO STOP STRIKING. WHILE IN PRISON HE READ SOCIALIST LITERATURE AND EMERGED AS A SOCIALIST LEADER IN AMERICA.