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This does not cover everything. But a decent amount of topics and mainly regards what everything means.
What is a mechanical property?
It considers materials and how they react to an external force.
What are the 11 mechanical properties?
Torsional
Tensile
Toughness
Malleability
Elasticity
Compressive
Bending
Shear
Hardness
Plasticity
Ductility
TTT ME CBSH PD
What is Compressive Strength?
The ability to withstand being crushed or a pushing force.
What is Tensile Strength?
The ability to resist stretching or pulling.
What is Bending Strength?
The ability to resist forces attempting to bend the material.
What is Shear Strength?
The ability to withstand forces that cause parts of it to slide parallel.
Example: Same motion as scissors. (Frictional)
What is Torsional Strength?
The ability to withstand twisting forces.
What is Hardness?
The ability to resist abrasive wear.
Example: Scratching, Indentation or Cutting.
What is Toughness?
The ability to absorb impact force without fracture
What is Plasticity?
The ability to be permanently deformed and retain.
What is Ductility?
The ability to be drawn out under tension without cracking.
What is Malleability?
The ability to withstand deformation via compression without cracking.
What is Elasticity?
The ability to be deformed and return to the original shape.
What is a Physical property?
Properties of a material regarding their actual structure.
What are the 4 physical properties?
Magnetism
Corrosive Resistancce
Density
Fusibility
MC. DF
What is Magnetism?
Natural forces attracting either Iron or Steel.
What is Corrosive Resistance?
The ability to withstand environmental attack or decay.
What is Density?
Density refers to the mass of the material within its own volume of space.
What is Fusibility?
The ability to be fused or converted from a solid to a liquid | molten state.
What are the 2 Electrical properties?
Electrical Conductor
Electrical Insulator
E|CI
What are the 3 Thermal Properties?
Thermal Conductor
Thermal Insulator
Thermal Expansion
T|CIE
What are 3 Optical Properties?
Opaque
Translucent
Transparent
What is Opaque?
Prevents light from travelling through. (Not see through)
What is Translucent?
Allows light through but diffuses it. (Slightly see through. More blurry then anything else)
What is Transparent?
Allows light through easily and clearly.
What is a conductor?
A conductor allows the heat or electricity to flow through the material.
What is an insulator?
An insulator is the opposite of a conductor and doesn’t allow heat or electricity to flow through the material.
What is Thermal Expansion?
In response to an increase in temperature, it also leads to an increase in volume.
What is a Ferrous Metal?
A Metal which contains Iron.
What is a Non-Ferrous Metal?
A metal which does NOT contain Iron.
What is an Alloy?
Similar to that of a composite being a material which is made up of two or more.
What are the 3 different types of wood?
Hardwood
Softwood
Manufactured Board
What are the 4 different types of Polymer?
Bio-Polymer
Elastomer
Thermoplastic
Thermoforming
What is a Smart Material?
A material which is able to react to an input or the environment around it.
What is a Modern Material?
A material which is man-made and modern.
What is a composite?
similar to an alloy but not made particular out of metal is 2 or more things combined to make a composite.
What is the most important thing to do when testing?
Keep everything fair.
What are the 2 types of testing?
Simple Workshop Test
Industrial Test
What test is used to measure Toughness?
The Izod impact test.
What is used in order to test tension strength?
A Tensometer Machine
What are the 3 tests for Hardness?
Rockwell — Diamond indenter
Brinell — Standard Steel Ball indenter
Vickers — Diamond Square-Based Pyramid indenter
RD | BS | VP
What does NDT stand for?
Non-Destructive Testing
How is Malleability and Ductility tested?
via Bending.
How is corrosion tested?
By simply placing materials in the environment and watching&waiting.
How is Electrical Conductivity tested?
Through use of a multimeter which if readings return a high resistance this means a low conductivity.
How is Thermal Conductivity tested?
Through the use of a thermometer and time.
One side featuring a flame with the material atop and the other side being where the material is tested for its temperature with the time taken to get to the target temp being the materials level of conductivity.
What differentiates all the different Hardness tests?
The Material or shape which is used as the indenter at the end of the swinger.
Which hardness test considers use of a Steel Ball?
Brinell.
BS
Which hardness test considers use of a diamond indenter?
Technically both Vickers and Rockwell however Vickers indenter follows a special shape while Rockwell does not.
BS | VP
Which hardness test considers use of a Square-based pyramid diamond indenter?
Vickers.
VP
What are the 5 different Metal Stock Forms?
Tube
Bar
Sheet
Structural
Plate
What are some examples of Structural Metal Stock forms?
Tee Bar
L Beams
H Beams
I Beams
Channels
What is the difference between Plate and Sheet metal Stock form?
Plates are thicker and more narrow compared to large, flat pieces of sheet.
What is a Ferrous Metal?
Ferrous describes a metal which contains Iron and Carbon.
What is a Non-Ferrous Metal?
Non-Ferrous. The opposite of Ferrous. Simply put, it describes that it doesn’t contain any Iron or Carbon.
What does Ferrous mean for a metal considering Environmental corrosion?
Ferrous metals rust while Non-Ferrous metals will not rust. Thanks to all that Iron and Carbon.
What does IP stand for?
Intellectual Property — A physical format of some sort is a requirement simple ideas do not count.
What does IPR stand for?
Intellectual Property Rights
What is copyright?
Legal protection for work. (For 70 years onwards from the creators death)
What does IPO stand for?
Intellectual Property Office
What does a patent apply to?
A patent is only valid for moving|functional parts of a design.
Example: Car suspension
What do Registered designs apply to?
Being in the name they only apply to product appearances|decorations|non-moving parts
What do trademarks apply to?
Trademarks give legal protection for brand identities etc.
What are the 4 main types of IPR?
Patent
Registered Design
Trademark
Copyright
What is open design?
Compared to the other 4 main IPR’s instead Open Design looks at the communal approach leaving creations in the free space open to anyone to use while then considering instead a Creative Commons Licence.
What is a Creative Commons Licence?
Acting like one of the IPR, however, instead of privatising, it allows for open and free use with the only price being that the original creator is credited for their work.
What are the 12 points for a good PDS?
Weight
Ergonomics
Aesthetic
Cost
Size
Quality
Maintenance
Function
User
Sustainability
Environment
Safety
WEAC SQM FUSES
What does PDS stand for?
Product Design Specification
What is Task Analysis and why is it important?
The importance of Task Analysis towers over all else because if a task or product is to have defects or even improvements made to it without proper analysis they may go unnoticed and missing out on possible vital information like that only leads in a loss.
What is Ergonomics?
Ergonomics refers to the study of people and how they do their stuff.
What is anthropometric?
The measurement|name of the data collected regarding people and their own personal data.
What is UCD?
User-Centred Design is simply a design process however at the centre of it all they only consider and look at the users point of view and their personal suggestions during design of the product.
What are some methods of ‘Getting the idea across‘?
Initial Concept Generation
Block Modelling
Visual Appearance Models
Working Prototypes
Rapid Prototyping
What is Aesthetic?
Points relating to the visual appeal of a product.
What is symmetry?
Symmetry is a visual balance commonly comparing left to right with the ability being that if you place a mirror looking at one of the sides, for example, the left, then the reflection seen in the mirror should match what the real right side looks like.
Asymmetry is the opposite.
What is inclusive design?
Inclusive design is the creation of ideas which keep as large a variety of people as possible with the key idea of ease-of-use for all.
What is empathetic design?
Empathetic Design simulates potential users with limited ability to make more inclusive products.
What are the 6R’s
DUF.TCP
ReDuece
ReUse
ReFuse
ReThink
ReCycle
RePair
What does sustainability mean?
The maximisation of efficiency taking into account the minimisation of material depletion and pollution.
How does maintenance link to a product designer?
When making a product, designers should consider the future maintenance of a product.
What is disassembly?
Disassembly considers the taking apart of a product and considering recycling this is an important factor to think about as a designer.
What does CAD stand for?
Computer Aided Design.
What can CAD do?
Develop 2D and 3D drawings that can be used for CNC machines.
What does CAM stand for?
Computer Aided Manufacture.
What is a simulation?
For example, considering F1. Instead of driving those million$ cars and possibly crashing those while simply just practicing the use of a simulation to keep the car and the driver safe is done entirely virtually acting almost like a prototype compared to the real thing.
But an example considering CNC, CAM and CAD would consider this useful by using a simulation to simulate possibly how long it might take for a CAM to complete a job etc.
What does CNC stand for?
Computer Numerically Controlled.
What are some machines that can use CNC intervention?
CNC (Computer Numerically Controlled)
Laser Cutting
Routing
Milling
Turning
Plotter Cutting
What is Virtual Modelling?
A form of simulation where use of 3D CAD allows for creating design prototypes entirely free and online.
An example of this that you may have used is Sketchup.
What does CFD stand for?
Computational Fluid Dynamics
What does FEA stand for?
Finite Element Analysis
What can CFD be used for?
Considering F1 they make use of wind tunnels in order to help perfect the way wind is manipulated around the cars allowing for a higher edge due to hopefully less wind resistance. However, these real wind tunnels are not cheap so the use of realistic CFD programs allows for the same job but cheaper.
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) - A feature possibly available in a simulation program.
What does FEA do?
Looking at F1 the making of the car considers many parts especially looking at weight as those cars act with multiple G’s going around corners so if one singular place in the car can’t withstand the force it could lead to it entirely obeying the forces which is where FEA comes in.
Once again being another feature which would be found virtually in a simulation program the addition of FEA (Finite Element Analysis) looks at stress, vibrations and forces and how strong they might act on parts and components.
How is rapid prototyping possible?
Due to the efficient and high-quality abilities brought by CNC machines this easily allowed for quick well made protoypes to be made.
What does FDM stand for?
Fused Deposition Modelling
What does EPOS stand for?
Electronic Point Of Sale
What is EPOS used for?
For Data collection allows for it to be recorded easily after a product is bought from a consumer automatically.
What does PPC stand for?
Production, Planning and Control
What does MPS stand for?
Master Production Schedule
How can a MPS be useful?
A Master Production Schedule is what’s personally responsible for making sure the entire production process runs smoothly from supplying to selling.
How are computers used considering PPC?
Computers in PPC control:
Plan and Control Production
Organisation of Materials and Components
Co-ordination of Suppliers and Components
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