Comparative Anatomy and Physio

Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

similarities and differences in different species to provide insights of evolutionary biology relationships and phylogeny , share common ancestors, organisms classified based on similar characteristics anatomical structure and function, understanding adaptations

Gross Anatomy

structures visible to naked eye, organs and systems, dissection or imaging techniques

Microscopic Anatomy

study of structures at cellular and tissue levels

Developmental Anatomy

changes of anatomy from conception through adulthood w/ embryology

Cell physio

functions of cells: metabolism, signaling, homeostasis. How cells respond to environment and communicate

Organ Physio

functions of heart, lungs and kidneys. how organs contribute to bodily function and maintaining homeostasis

Systemic physio

functions of organ systems: cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems. How systems collaborate

Comparative physio

psychological processes of diff species, understand evolutionary adaptions and functional diversity in organisms

Homologous structures

similar structures w/ diff functions ex: forelimbs of mammals

Analogous structures

different structures w/ similar functions ex: wings of birds and insects

Vestigial structures

reduced features with no current function ex: human appendix

Morphological studies (methodology)

dissection and imaging techniques

Physiological experiments (methodology)

laboratory and field functions

Genetic analysis (methodology)

Compare DNA sequence to understand evolution relationships

Evolutionary Bio (application)

species evolutions and relationships

Medicines (applications)

about human anatomy and disease mechanisms

Conservation (methodology)

species preservation strategies

What did Alcmaeon of Croton do?

first to study anatomy separated from a human surgical or medical procedure

what did Galen do?

Based study of human anatomy on studying animal anatomy

What did Pierre Belon do?

researched on dolphins embryos, compared birds to skeleton of humans, lead to modern comparative anatomy

What did Andreas Vesalius do?

investigating and correcting anatomical knowledge of Galen

What did Marco Severino do?

compared anatomy of several animals such as birds

What did Edward Tyson do?

determined that marine mammals are mammals, Chimpanzees are more similar to humans then to monkeys

What did Carolus Linnaeus do?

system for naming organisms binomial nomenclature, organ given two part system: Genus (board name) and species specific name

What are the classifications of Biology?

Domain (Eukarya), Kingdom (Animalia), Phylum (Chordata), Class (mammalia), Order (carnivora), Family (canidae), Genus (canis), Species (Canis lupus))

What did Louis Agassiz do?

studied fossil fishes and recognized world’s ice age, founded museum of zoology

What did Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck do?

Idea that species can change over time

What did Thomas Huxley do?

study of structures and function called morphology

What did Georges Cuvier do?

concept of species adaptation

What did Karl Ernst Von Baer do?

Baer laws: embryo belongs develop before special characteristics, general structural relations formed before most specific appear, form of any given embryo does not coverage upon other definite forms separates itself from them, embryo of higher embryo form does not resemble the adult of another animal form (one less evolved, but only its embryo)

what did Richard Owen do?

species adaptation, archetypes “blue print” for building an organism.

What did Alfred Russell Wallace do?

evolution first but did not publish first. diff in biodiversity and species richness depending on latitudes. caused by historical outcome of climate and environmental change

What did Charles Darwin do?

ideas of adaptation and morphology, published theory first but came from Wallace

Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia?

Eukaryotic cells (nucleus w/ cell membrane), Heterotrophic (ATP is created via cellular respiration), multicellular (multiple and numerous specialized cells), Motile (freely moving, some animals stay attached to their surface)

What belongs to Kingdom Animalia?

Chordates and Vertebrates

Evolution among Domains

Bacteria (Eubacteria), Archaea (Archaebacteria), Eukarya (Eukaryotes), Common Ancestor

Eukaryotes (Kingdom Animalia)

Fungi, Plants, Animals, Protista

Prokaryotes (Kingdom Animalia)

Bacteria