Biology - Unit 4: Cells and Cell Cycle

Adjustment knob

Coarse knob moves the stage up/down, fine knob helps focus

Stage

Platform that holds the specimen, can be moved up/down

Stage clips

hold slide in place

Eyepiece

ocular lens, magnifies image by 10x

Objective lens

lenses that directly observe slide/specimen

slide

flat piece of glass that holds the specimen

wet mount

placing a specimen in drop of water on a slide + covering it with a coverslip to examine

cell cycle

A process consisting of interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) that regulates cell growth, DNA replication, and division into two daughter cells.

surface area-to-volume ratio

describing how surface area of a cell grows compared to its volume

cell division

process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells

Asexual reproduction

When genetic offspring are genetically identical to the cell that produced them - single parent cell

Sexual reproduction

Fusion of two reproductive cells formed by each of two parents, inheriting some genetic info from each parent

Chromosome

Genetic info bundled into packages of DNA

Chromatids

DNA + histone complex

Mitosis

The process by which a cell replicates chromosomes and segregates them, in prep for cell division

Prophase

First phase of mitosis, chromosomes condense into an x-shaped structure

Metaphase

During mitosis, chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell

Anaphase

Fourth phase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

Final phase of mitosis, separates the duplicated genetic material into two daughter cells

Cytokinesis

The division of a cell, divides cytoplasm into two daughter cells

Interphase

A cell grows, replicates chromosomes, and prepares for cell division

Cancer

A disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control growth

Tumor

Cancer cells form a mass of cells

Benign

Not harmful

Metastasis

Cancer spreading to a secondary site