Adaptations to Aerobic and Anaerobic Training

studied byStudied by 1 person
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

cardiorespiratory endurance

1 / 34

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

35 Terms

1

cardiorespiratory endurance

- Ability to sustain prolonged, dynamic exercise

- Improvements through multisystem adaptations (cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular, metabolic)

New cards
2

endurance training

maximal endurance capacity = á VO2max

submaximal endurance capacity:

• Lower HR at same submaximal exercise intensity

New cards
3

heart size

– With training, heart mass and LV chamber size

plasma volume = LV volume = EDV =  SV

– Volume loading effect vs pathology of hypertrophy from hypertension

New cards
4

SV ↑ after training

– Resting, submaximal, maximal

–Plasma volume with training = EDV =         preload

– Resting and submaximal HR with training =   filling time = EDV

LV mass with training = force of contraction

New cards
5

resting HR

– ↓ markedly (~1 beat/min per week of training)

– ↑ parasympathetic, â sympathetic activity in heart

New cards
6

submaximal HR

– ↓ HR for same given absolute intensity

– More noticeable at higher submaximal intensities

New cards
7

maximal HR

– No significant change with training (may ↓ slightly)

– ↓ with age

New cards
8

HR recovery

– Faster with training

– Indirect index of cardiorespiratory fitness

New cards
9

Cardiac output (Q)

– Little or no change at rest or during submaximal exercise with training

Maximal Qconsiderably (due to SV)

New cards
10

fiber type

size and number of type I fibers

–Type IIa perform more like type I

–Type IIx may perform more like type IIa

New cards
11

capillary supply

number of capillaries supplying each fiber

–May be key factor in VO2max

New cards
12

myoglobin

myoglobin content by 75% to 80%

– Supporting oxidative capacity in muscle

New cards
13

respiratory exchange ratio (RER)

at both absolute and relative submaximal intensities

dependent on fat, dependent on glucose

New cards
14

lactate threshold

- ↑ to higher percentage of VO2max  

- ↓ lactate production, lactate clearance

– LT occurring at approx. same absolute [LA]

New cards
15

resting and submaximal VO2

– Resting VO2 unchanged with training

– Submaximal VO2 unchanged or slightly with training

New cards
16

Maximal VO2 (VO2max)

–Best indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness

substantially with training (15%-20%)

due to cardiac output and capillary density

New cards
17

more

_ people over age 50 are engaged in sport and exercise today than 30 years ago.

– Recreation

– Competition

– More fit than older sedentary counterparts

• Performance declines with age.

New cards
18

height with age

– Starting at 35-40 years

– Compression of intervertebral disks

– Poor posture

– Later: osteopenia, osteoporosis

New cards
19

weight , then

- ↑ 25-45 years: physical activity, caloric intake

65+ years: loss of body mass, appetite

New cards
20

body fat content

• tends to increase

– Active versus sedentary older adults: variation

– Older athletes body fat content

– Older athletes central adiposity

New cards
21

fat free mass

- starting around age 40.

– Due (in part) to lack of activity

muscle, bone mass

– Sarcopenia (protein synthesis )

growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1

New cards
22

bone mineral content

decreases

– Bone resorption > bone synthesis

– Due to lack of weight-bearing exercise

New cards
23

body comp variables

– Body weight

– Percent body fat

– Fat mass

– Fat-free mass (FFM)

New cards
24

training

• alters age-related changes in body composition.

- ↓ weight, percent body fat, fat mass

FFM (more likely with resistance training than with aerobic training)

– More in men than in women

• Biggest results come with diet + exercise.

New cards
25

strength and neuromuscular function

decreases with age

– Interferes with activities of daily living.

– Manifests at about 50-60 years of age.

– Results from muscle mass.

• Strength offset by resistance exercis

New cards
26

type ii fiber loss

• occurs with aging

– Decrease in type II motor neurons

– Higher percent type I fibers

• Training slows fiber-type change.

New cards
27

size and number of muscle fibers

with age

– Size of both type I and type II

– Loss of 10% per decade after age 50

• Endurance training → no impact on decline in muscle mass with age

• Resistance training = muscle atrophy, muscle cross-sectional area

New cards
28

reflexes

• slow with age.

– Exercise preserves reflex response time.

– Active older people ≈ young active people.

New cards
29

motor unit activation

with age.

– Fewer MU activated = Force production

New cards
30

exercise

• maintains muscle physiology.

– Number of capillaries is unchanged.

– Oxidative enzyme activity is only mildly reduced.

New cards
31

mitochondrial function

• declines with age.

– Reduced mitochondrial protein synthesis

– Reduced maximal rate of ATP production

• May contribute to muscle atrophy.

– Increased intracellular oxidative stress interferes with myofilament function.

• Increased free radicals with aging

• Improved by exercise training.

New cards
32

central and peripheral cardiovascular

decrements with age

• Reduced maximal HR

– Reduction varies considerably

– Electrical changes with age

– Increased parasympathetic NS influence

– Same for active and sedentary people

New cards
33

maximal stroke volume (SV)

decreases with age

↓ contractility, response to catecholamines

– LV, arterial stiffening

– Decline in SVmax attenuated by exercise

New cards
34

VO2max

with age due to â Qmax

– Due more to â HRmax, less to â SVmax

- Decline inVO2maxattenuated by exercise

New cards
35

sedentary habits

• ↑ risk for vascular aging

– ↓ cardiac and arterial compliance

– ↑ narrowing of arteries

– ↑ vasodilation

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 37 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 43 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 455 people
... ago
5.0(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (122)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (105)
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (76)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (51)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (77)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (45)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (31)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (162)
studied byStudied by 42 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot