〽️Urinary Imcontinence, Retention, Tract Infections & Trratments

Urinary Incontinence

Involuntary loss of urine the body can’t fully control urination

Types of Urinary Incontinence

Stress, Urge, Overflow, Functional, Mixed, Anatomic/Temporary

Stress Incontinence

Urine leaks during activities that increase abdominal pressure like coughing, sneezing, or lifting

Urge Incontinence

Sudden, intense urge to urinate followed by involuntary leakage

Overflow Incontinence

Bladder doesn’t empty fully, causing frequent small leaks

Functional Incontinence

Physical or cognitive impairment prevents timely bathroom access

Causes of Urinary Incontinence

Childbirth, obesity, hysterectomy, nerve damage, chronic infections, medications, medical conditions

Treatments for Urinary Incontinence

Treatments for Urinary Incontinence

Kegel exercises, alpha-adrenergic agonists, urinary antispasmodics, estrogen therapy (postmenopausal)

Urinary Retention

Inability to urinate despite feeling the urge

Common Causes of Urinary Retention

Urethral blockage, BPH, nerve damage, pelvic infections, anesthesia, medications

Symptoms of Urinary Retention

Full bladder sensation, weak urine stream, difficulty starting urination, incomplete emptying

Treatments for Urinary Retention

Foley catheter, urinary cholinergics (bethanechol), antibiotics

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Bacterial infection of the urinary system (e.g., cystitis, pyelonephritis)

Who is more prone to UTIs?

AFABS, due to shorter urethra allowing easier bacterial entry

Symptoms of UTIs

Burning urination, frequent urge, cloudy/foul urine, blood in urine, pelvic pain

Treatments for UTIs

Cranberry juice, antibiotics/anti-infectives (nitrofurantoin, TMP/SMX), phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland (amabs only)

Symptoms of Prostatitis

Painful urination, pelvic pain, painful ejaculation, fever/chills (if bacterial), frequent urination

Treatments for Prostatitis

Antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, alpha-blockers, surgery (severe cases)

G: Nitrofurantoin

Class: Antibiotic – urinary anti-infective

Used for UTIs; concentrates in the urine to kill bacteria

B: Macrobid, Macrodantin

G: Trimethoprim

Class: Antibiotic – folic acid synthesis inhibitor

Often used alone or in combination (esp. for UTIs)

B: Primsol

G: Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim

Class: Sulfonamide antibiotic combination

Broad-spectrum; used for UTIs, bronchitis, pneumonia.

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B: Bactrim, Septra