Biological Bases of Behavior (The Brain Edition)

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to the biological bases of behavior and the functions of the brain, essential for understanding AP Psychology.

Heredity

The transmission of genetic information from biological parents to offspring.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord and serves as the command center of the body.

Neurons

Specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body.

Glial Cells

Support cells of the nervous system that provide structural support, insulation, and nourishment to neurons.

Action Potential

A brief electrical impulse that travels along the axon of a neuron.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released by neurons that increase the likelihood of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic neuron.

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released that decrease the likelihood of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic neuron.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, reward, motivation, and movement.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, appetite, and stress.

Endorphins

Natural pain relievers and mood enhancers produced by the brain.

Cerebral Cortex

The outer layer of the brain responsible for higher-level cognitive functions, including thinking and decision-making.

Broca’s Area

Located in the left hemisphere of the brain, responsible for speech production.

Wernicke’s Area

Located in the left hemisphere, involved in language comprehension.

Action Potential Threshold

The level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential.

Reflex Arc

Neural pathway that controls reflex actions, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli.

Plasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize and adapt in response to experiences and environmental changes.

Split Brain Research

Studies involving patients with severed corpus callosum to understand hemispheric specialization and communication.

Autonomic Nervous System

The division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Activates the body's 'fight or flight' response during times of stress.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Promotes relaxation and restores the body to a calm state after stress.