global Quiz

al-Qaeda

* Founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden
* **Committed numerous terrorist attacks, including 9/11**
* Operates in multiple countries, including Afghanistan and Pakistan
* Ideology based on **Islamic fundamentalism** and anti-Western sentiment
* Has been weakened by counterterrorism efforts, but still poses a threat
* Has inspired the formation of other extremist groups, such as ISIS
* Targets primarily Western interests and governments

ANC

African National Congress

Goal was anti-colonialism and fighting against apartheid

Apartheid

* Legal segregation in South Africa
* The ANC fought against it
* Still affecting people today

Arab Spring

Started by a **Mohamed Bouazizi** in Tunisia who lit himself on fire after he was overcharged for his cart → led to a wave of pro-democratic revolutions

Aung San Suu Kyi

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* Got a Nobel Peace Prize
* Unofficial leader of Myanmar
* Under house arrest for a long time but the world supports her
* Before Covid large amounts of muslims have been evacuating
* Showing signs of torture, illness, and talking about their family being killed
* Won't talk about it
* Prize revoked

Ayatollah Khomeini

Caused the Iranian Revolution

* Motivated Iranians to overthrow the Shah
* Shah of Iran is seen as a puppet of the US


* Brings Islamic fundamentalism to Iran

__Boko Haram__

* Terrorist group
* North Africa - Specifically Nigeria
* Kidnapped girls
* Translates to westernization is a sin

Camp David Accords

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* Between Israel and Egypt
* Menachem Begin of Israel and Anwar-Sadat of Egypt
* Land for peace agreement
* Would give back the Sinai peninsula for recognition
* Nothing to do with Palestinians

Desmond Tutu

* Anglican bishop
* Fought against apartheid
* Convinced other countries not to trade with South Africa while they were still incredibly racist (embargo and saction)

FW de klerk

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* President of South Africa before Mandela
* Legalized the ANC
* Ends Apartheid
* Freed Mandela from Prison

Freedom Charter

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* During the defiance campaign
* Members of the ANC created a document which was a summary of their goals for South Africa
* Simple demands such as living wages, land given to landless people, etc.

Hamas

* Iranian terrorist group committed to destroying Israel
* When they were elected progress on the Roadmap to Peace was halted
* Anti-Israeli terrorist group
* Elected into the Palestinian authority as a political party
* Election of them caused tension

__Ho Chi Minh__

* Communist leader in Vietnam
* In charge of the Viet Cong
* Know as nationalist leader against the French
* When the US comes in we are against him as a communist

Homelands

Worst land that was given to native South Africans during apartheid

Hutu

* Radicals massacred Tutsis during the Rwandan genocide
* Believed they were supreme and should have power over Tutsi

Iranian Revolution

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* Cause
* Ayatollah Khomeini
* Motivated Iranains to overthrow the Shah
* Shah of Iran is seen as a puppet of the US
* Brings Islamic fundamentalism to Iran
* Effects
* Western books and media are banned
* Women lost all rights
* Iran is anti-Israel
* Government is hostile towards the west
* US had a hostage crisis

ISIS

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* Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
* Islamic fundamentalist terrorist organization
* Goal was to create an Islamic fundamentalist state
* International issues
* Have their hand in democracies
* Anti-west
* Have their hand in the Syrian War resulting from the Arab Spring

Islamic Fundamentalism

Radical interpretation of Quran and Sharia law

Jawaharlal Nehru

Prime minister of India after it became indipendent

Jomo Kenyatta

Led the nationalist movement in Kenya and country is named after him

Kashmir

Land that India and Pakistan have been fighting over since the countries split

Fighting due to India having a majority Muslim population and Pakistan having a majority Islamic population

Kwame Nkrumah

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* Started the OAU (Organization of African unity)
* Because president of Ghana

Kyhmer Rouge

* Followers of Pol Pot
* Goal was to eliminate all westernization
* Rouge = Red = Communism
* Anyone with over a second grade education, glasses, or smooth hands were killed

Mummar Al-Qaddafi

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* Used Islamic fundamentalism
* Dictator of Libya and created a fundamentalist state
* Responsible for airline hijackings in the 80’s
* Carried away to be beaten to death in 2015 during the Arab Spring

Nelson Mandela

* Major part of the ANC
* Created the violent faction (MK)
* First black president of South Africa

__Ngo Dinh Diem__

* South Vietnam
* Not communist
* US supported him

OPEC

* Stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
* Made up of Middle Eastern countries
* Stop selling oil to the US and other countries that acknowledge the existence of Israel

Oslo Accords

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* Israel and Yassir Arafat
* First time Palestine acknowledges Israel
* Israel acknowledges that the PLO represents palestinians
* Does not last

Persian Gulf War

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* Persian Gulf War
* Saddam’s troops invaded Kuwait to try to gain access to the Persian Gulf
* Met with troops from America, France, Britain
* US helped Kuwait because we needed oil from them
* As an effect of the war UN wanted to send weapon inspectors into the country
* Hussain puts it off, then says that they cannot go into his country
* US goes in on its own → war in Iraq

__PLO__

* Palestine Liberation Organization
* Used terrorist tactics to try and liberate Palestine
* Led by Yassir Arafat
* Signed the Oslo Accords

Roadmap to Peace

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* Goals over a period of time
* Create peace between Israel and Palestine
* Does not work
* Don’t even reach first goal

Saddam Hussein

* Lead Iraq through their wars
* Invaded Kuwait to try to gain access to the Persian Gulf
* Would not allow UN into his country to search for weapons
* Thought to possibly have connections to terrorism
* Tried by his own people once an effective democracy had been created
* Used chemical weapons against his people → found guilty and executed

Sharpeville Massacre

Protest against the Pass Laws which became very violent

Soweto Uprising

The government decided that the children must learn in the white language so they protested this change in their education → could not understand what was being said

Taliban

Islamic fundamentalist group that sheltered al-Qaeda after 9/11

__TRC__

* Truth and Reconciliation
* People could tell their stories about apartheid
* Ends there and there was no move towards reconciliation
* No action taken after the testimony

Tutsis

* Targeted by the Hutus during the Rwandan genocide
* Rebels fought against the Hutus and eventually won and created a more equal government

__Viet Cong__

* Military for Ho Chi Min
* Similar to the Khmer Rouge

Yassir Arafat

* Led the PLO in Egypt
* In charge for 50 years
* Shown wearing the traditional palestinian headdress draped to one side
* Mustache and beard