Local Government & Federalism

What types of local governments exist in Texas and why are they so numerous?

Counties, cities, school districts, community colleges, airports, hospitals, emergency service districts, and homeowners' associations (HOAs). Numerous due to decentralized governance and local needs.

Dillon's Rule

A legal doctrine stating local governments only have powers explicitly granted by the state.

By law, what aspects of local government does the State government control?

Creation, powers, taxes, elections of officials, and duties of local governments.

Fiscal federalism

Federal funding given to states/local governments to incentivize policy compliance (e.g., grants for education).

Administrative federalism

Federal mandates requiring state/local compliance without financial support (e.g., environmental regulations).

How does fiscal federalism apply to local governments?

Local governments rely on grants from the state/federal government for projects.

How does administrative federalism apply to local governments?

Local governments must fund compliance with state/federal policies through taxes or competition.

What system is modern local government based on in Texas today?

The Mexican Republic municipality system, where counties are created around cities and population centers.

What are the 6 key functions of local governments?

1. Operate courts 2. Provide public health clinics 3. Maintain state records 4. Collect funds 5. Conduct elections 6. Collaborate with state agencies.