MEC - Social Mobility & Poverty

upward

movement from a class to the one above

downward

movement from a class to the one below

intragenerational

movement of an individual from one class to another during

their life.

intergenerational

movement between the generations of a family.

long range social mobility

 movement from the bottom strata to the top

short range social mobility

 movement between strata that are close

together

self recruited social mobility

where children remain in the same

class as their parents when they grow up.

causes of social mobility

educational achievement, marriage, inheritance, changes in employment, home background

barriers to social mobility

discrimination on gender or ethnicity, lack of qualifications and skills, home background

The five p’s

place, past, people, peace, politics

what do poor countries lack?

infrastructure

What are the challenges that poor countries face?

water, food, electricity, health care, education

place (size and location)

Climate? Coastlines? Diseases? Natural resources? Neighbors?

past

History of slave trade? Colonial history? How were borders drawn? When did independence come? Outsiders meddling during Cold War? Chance to develop own leaders?

people

How many? What age? How healthy? Are they educated? Where do they live? Different ethnic groups and languages?

politics

Is there rule of law? Do people know what leaders are doing? Are communities connected? Leaders too strong? Leaders too weak?

peace

Wars with other countries? Where are the wars fought? Civil wars? How many wars? How long are wars? Risk of wars resuming?

The United Nations Millennium

Development Goals

End Poverty and Hunger, Universal Education, Gender Equality, Child Health

International Development Assistance

Helping the Bottom Billion

Donor countries, Foundations, Individuals, Corporations

Some Types of Development Assistance

Cash Aid and Grants, Special Projects, Loans, Debt Relief