Primate Classification and Traits

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to primate classification, traits, and social structures.

Analogy

A similarity between two species that is due to convergent evolution rather than to descent from a common ancestor.

Homology

A similarity in structure or genetics in different species that is due to shared ancestry.

Prosimian

A suborder of primates that includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers. Nocturnal, arboreal, and quadrupedal.

Platyrrhine

New World monkeys, characterized by flat noses and wide nostrils.

Catarrhine

Old World monkeys and apes, characterized by downward-facing nostrils.

Non-primate

Any animal that does not belong to the primate order.

Primate

An order of mammals that includes monkeys, apes, and humans.

NWM

New World Monkeys, typically smaller and arboreal.

OWM

Old World Monkeys, typically larger and often terrestrial.

Emphasis on vision

A defining trait of primates where vision is more developed than other senses.

Opposability

The ability of the thumb or toe to be placed opposite the other digits.

Prehensility

The ability of a limb or tail to grasp or hold onto objects.

Nocturnal

Active at night; a common trait of some prosimians.

Tooth comb

A dental feature found in some prosimians used for grooming.

Bilophodont molars

Molars with two ridges, typical in Old World monkeys.

Diastema

A gap between teeth, often seen in primate dentition.

Brachiation

A form of locomotion where primates swing from their arms.

Knuckle-walking

A method of movement in which certain apes walk on their knuckles.

Social structure

The organization of social relationships and roles within a primate group.

Sexual dimorphism

Differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species.

Molar morphology

The study of the shape and structure of molar teeth.

Scent glands

Glands used for scent marking and communication among primates.