Final Exam Knowt

General Deterrence

Members of society will not commit crimes when they see the punishment of that crime

Specific Deterrence

An individual will not commit another crime because of the punishment of their previous crime

Cesare Beccaria

Classical School

Cesare Lombroso

Positive School/Theory of Avatism

Jeremy Bentham

Hedonistic Calculus

Walnut Street Jail

First penitentiary in the U.S. developed in Philadelphia, PA and established by Dr. Benjamin Rush and the Philadelphia Society; total isolation, no communication, requirement to wear masks, given work in cells, encouraged to read Bible

PA System

Known as the “separate but silent” systems which emphasized solitary confinement and prohibited inmates working together in groups

Auburn System

Known as the “congregate but silent” systems which was cheaper to operate, produced more goods, and had less occurrence of mental illness

Bail

The amount of money the accused must post to guarantee his/her appearance in court which may be required in cash, or the offender may be able to use a bondsman

What are some things the district justice will look at when determining bail?

Severity of the crime, prior criminal history, ties to the community, and flight risk

Concurrent Sentences

Sentences at the same time

Consecutive Sentences

Sentence one right after another

What is the primary and secondary roles of a probation officer?

Primary - protection of the public and hold people accountable for their actions; secondary roles - rehabilitation

R.O.R. (Release on Recognizance)

When the accused is released from confinement prior to trial with solely the promise to return to court proceedings without any money or collateral posted

8th Amendment

Right against cruel and unusual punishment

What case is associated with the 8th amendment?

Rhodes v. Chapman: inmates double bunked in single cells was not a violation of the 8th amendment

Broken Window Probation Supervision

Probation partners with citizen groups, churches and other neighborhood organizations to take responsibility for supervising offenders emphasizing public safety, allocates resources according to risk and need assessment as it mimics community policing philosophy

Broken Windows Concept

Failure to fix broken windows shows disorder and lack of concern which leads to increased hear and withdrawal