Mr. Kosiba's Modern World History Semester 1 Final Exam Review Page

The continent shaded in on the map =

Africa

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Asia

The continent shaded in on the map =

Antarctica

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Australia

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Europe

The continent shaded in on the map =

North America

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South America

The region shaded in on the map =

The Middle East

Which body of water borders Africa, Europe, and the Middle East?

Mediterranean Sea

Which ocean touches North America, South America, Africa, and Europe?

Atlantic Ocean

What is the name for the northernmost ocean in the world?

Arctic Ocean

Which ocean touches Africa, Asia, and Australia?

Indian Ocean

Which ocean touches Asia, Australia, North America, and South America?

Pacific Ocean

What is the name for the southernmost ocean in the world?

Southern/Antarctic Ocean

According to professor Jared Diamond in Guns, Germs, and Steel, which 2 factors are most responsible for certain civilizations becoming more advanced, wealthy, and powerful than others?

geographic luck and natural resources

Why did professor Diamond argue it was easier for ideas, goods, crops, and animals in the ancient world to spread east-to-west rather than north-to-south?

regions around the world that share roughly the same latitude (east-to-west) also share similar climates/environments.

Why were civilizations in Eurasia and North Africa able to develop at faster rates than civilizations in the Americas and Sub-Saharan Africa?

the geography of Eurasia and North Africa made it easier for productive crops and livestock from the Fertile Crescent to spread

Why did the domestication of animals help human civilizations advance?

it provided a reliable food source and greatly improved people's ability to plant and grow crops

What was the name for the area around Mesopotamia that contained the rich soil for the growing of food?

the Fertile Crescent

According to author Chimamanda Adichie in The Danger of A Single Story, how are ignorant, negative stereotypes about different places and groups of people created in people's minds?

1) Only learning the history of a group or place from one outsider perspective

2) Literature and media showing the same incomplete/inaccurate story about a group or place over and over again

3) Assuming that one person's thoughts or behavior represent how an entire group thinks or acts without ever trying to get to know other people in that group

Providing a common set of values, morals, ethics, a sense of community, social organization, and social order are all benefits of_______________.

organized religion

___________________________ has been used by bad people in positions of power throughout world history to control, take advantage of, and oppress large numbers of innocent people

organized religion

What is the most sacred sound and symbol in Hinduism? Hindus believe this is the root of the universe and everything that exists and it continues to hold everything together.

the Om

What do Buddhists call The Eightfold Path between self-sacrifice and self-indulgence that helps people overcome suffering and reach enlightenment?

The Middle Way

What made Judaism different from other pagan religious groups that existed when it was founded?

the belief and worship of one god

Why did the Christian religion Jesus preached attract so many followers?

1) It embraced all people—men and women, enslaved persons, the poor, and nobles

2) It appealed to those who were repelled by the extravagance and oppression of imperial Rome

3) It offered a personal relationship with a loving God and promised eternal life after death

What is the name of the essential duties that Muslims are expected to fulfill during their lifetime? Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage).

The Five Pillars of Faith

What do the prophets Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad all share in common?

1) they are considered prophets in Islam

2) they embraced and empowered poor people that were being oppressed by groups in power

3) they preached the importance of charity, good works, and being a good person

What was the name of the famous set of laws that were developed in ancient Mesopotamia and named after the great Assyrian/Babylonian King who created them?

Hammurabi's Code

This great civilization was responsible for a number of architectural achievements including building great cities high up in the Andes mountains and developing creative agricultural methods to farm rocky lands at high altitudes.

Inca

This great civilization is often referred to as "The Golden Empire" after one of its greatest rulers brought 24,000,000 pounds of gold with him on his pilgrimage to Mecca to give to charity along the way.

Mali

To distract and control the masses when this great civilization grew too large to manage, the government provided free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator contests held in stunning arenas like the Coliseum.

Rome

At its peak, this great civilization reached from Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) through Asia Minor (modern Turkey) and down through Egypt.

Assyria

This great civilization made many contributions to modern civilization including democracy, classical works of literature like the Odyssey, and the Socratic Method.

Greece

This great civilization took over a strategically important coastal city on the Bosporus Strait between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea from the Byzantine empire, which only allowed Christians to live there. After conquering the city, this Islamic empire renamed the city Istanbul and increased their strength and support by opening the city up to citizens of many different religions and backgrounds.

Ottoman

This great civilization is rarely referred to by the name it was given by its native people Ta-Merry, and is instead called by the name it was given by European invaders which translates to "Pearl of the Nile".

Egypt

In 1405 the leader of this great civilization launched the first of 7 voyages of exploration that he hoped would impress the world by showing his empire's power and expand its tribute system.

Ming

After the Ming Empire, China fell into a period of decline because its rulers adopted a policy of ______________________. This policy hindered China's economic and social development, causing it to fall behind many other advanced civilizations.

isolationism

This great civilization is responsible for the creation of the Urdu language and the creation of a tax policy very similar to the present-day U.S. graduated income tax.

Mughal

From the mid-1200s to the mid-1300s, this great civilization imposed stability and law and order across much of Eurasia, resulting in more active trade between Europe and Asia as well as the spreading of goods and ideas between these 2 continents.

Mongol

What enabled Mughal ruler Akbar The Great to build such an immense empire?

his military might, political wisdom, and tolerance of other people's beliefs

What caused the deaths of tens-of-millions of people across Asia, Europe, and North Africa + the decline of the Catholic Church's power and influence in European society during the 14th century (1300s)?

the Bubonic Plague AKA the Black Death

This Italian explorer accidentally landed in the Caribbean Islands in 1492. Incorrectly thinking that he had discovered another route to Asia, he claimed the territory for the Spanish King and Queen who sponsored his voyage, named the indigenous people Indians, and is responsible for enslavement and mass murder of indigenous people.

Christopher Columbus

The global transfer of plants, animals, technologies, and diseases between the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere is called _________.

the Columbian Exchange

What was the biggest killer of American Indians during the European Conquest of the Americas?

European diseases like smallpox

One of the main reasons Europeans turned to the enslavement of African people was because unlike American Indians, Africans were _______________.

immune to disease like smallpox

What was the name for the system of slavery in which American Indians were forced to farm, ranch, and mine for Spanish landlords, oftentimes being worked to death?

Encomeinda System

As a result of the ________________________________, many African societies lost their fittest members, families were torn apart, social networks were destroyed, and the economies of many African nations were decimated.

Transatlantic Slave trade

What made the European enslavement of Africans during the Atlantic Slave Trade different than any other form of slavery that existed before it?

people were enslaved solely because of the color of their skin and then treated like animals

Europeans were able to build up a natural immunity to diseases like smallpox after thousands of years of exposure to the ___________________________________________that caused them.

American Indians were not able to developed a natural immunity to diseases like smallpox because they were never exposed to the _________________________________ that caused them.

germs from the European animals