pharmacology module 9 exam

Kirsten has advanced breast cancer with skeletal metastases. What androgen might be used for palliative treatment?

methyltestosterone

Armen thinks of androgens as male hormones, so he is surprised to hear that females also produce them. What gland produces androgen in both women and men?

adrenal

Simone has decided to take combined estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT). How long can she take it before her risk of breast cancer will increase?

3-5 years

In males, follicle stimulating hormone...

stimulates sperm production

Secretion of breast milk is stimulated by....

LTH

Madeleine's baby is one week past her due date and labor is going to be induced. What medication will likely be used?

oxycotin

The Block Box warning carried by terbutaline states that prolonged use may...

be associated with serious maternal cardiovascular events and death

Brayan has both erectile dysfunction (ED) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which PDE inhibitor is approved to treat both ED and BPH?

cialis

The principal mediator in attaining and maintaining an erection is..

nirtic oxide

Abigail just started taking oral contraceptives. How long should she use backup contraception?

4 weeks

Ginny has hypertension and is taking an ACE inhibitor. How do ACE inhibitors work?

by decreasing vasoconstriction

Nayeli has just been diagnosed with high cholesterol. What category of antilipemics is considered to be the first choice for monotherapy of high cholesterol?

statins

Dawson, who is on warfarin therapy, is surprised to learn that he must try to keep his intake of foods high in vitamin K consistent, as they can alter the effectiveness of his therapy. What are some foods that are high in vitamin K?

asparagus and cabbage

Bhu is undergoing rigorous chemotherapy for cancer and has become anemic. What type of medication will increase her body's production of red blood cells?

erythropoiesis-stimulating agents

Bhu is undergoing rigorous chemotherapy for cancer and is experiencing myelosuppression. What type of medication will improve her body's production of neutrophils?

colony stimulating factors

Dianna Whitfield, a 37-year-old African-American, has been diagnosed with hypertension. Her physician discusses various options for pharmacologic treatment. What class of drugs is Dianna's physician most likely to prescribe first?

thiazides

Dianna Whitfield, a 37-year-old African-American, has been diagnosed with hypertension. Her physician discusses various options for pharmacologic treatment. What antihypertensives are known to be MORE effective in African-Americans and older adults?

calcium channel blockers

Dianna Whitfield, a 37-year-old African-American, has been diagnosed with hypertension. Her physician discusses various options for pharmacologic treatment. What antihypertensives are known to be LEAST effective in African-Americans and older adults?

ACE inhibitors

Dianna Whitfield, a 37-year-old African-American, has been diagnosed with hypertension. Her physician discusses various options for pharmacologic treatment. Dianna also has lupus. What class of antihypertensives should be avoided?

antiadrenergics

Allison Cavanaugh is a 24-year-old female who has been experiencing painful and heavy-flow menses. At a recent visit to her gynecologist, she was diagnosed with endometriosis. Prior to writing the prescription for the contraceptive, the physician reviews Allison's medical history. This is important because contraceptives are contraindicated in patients with a history of:

thrombophlebitis

Allison Cavanaugh is a 24-year-old female who has been experiencing painful and heavy-flow menses. At a recent visit to her gynecologist, she was diagnosed with endometriosis. The nurse instructs Allison how to take the contraceptive that was prescribed. Which of the following instructions is mostly to be included in her teaching plan?

take the oral contraceptive at the same time each day

Allison Cavanaugh is a 24-year-old female who has been experiencing painful and heavy-flow menses. At a recent visit to her gynecologist, she was diagnosed with endometriosis. What symptoms would be most important for Allison to report to her physician after starting the oral contraceptive?

chest pain

Clonidine (Catapres) is a central-acting alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, used mainly in the treatment of hypertension.

true

The gonadotropic hormones include:

FSH, LH, LTH

Erectile dysfunction is treated with the following agents.

Viagra, Levitra, and Cialis

What possible side effect should a patient taking tadalafil report a physician?

vision abnormalities

Which category of drugs has serious interactions with PDE inhibitors?

nitrates

Women with a uterus should not use estrogen-alone therapy because it puts them at risk for which of the following?

uterine cancer

Estrogen therapy (i.e., estrogen alone) has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Estrogen combined with what agent reduces this risk?

progestin

A contraceptive preparation containing two sequences of progestin doses and less than 50 mcg of estrogen is called:

biphasic

Dinoprostone intravaginal gel or vaginal insert is indicated for:

cervical ripening

Oxytocin should be avoided for patients with a history of:

placenta previa

Cialis is used to threat what condition?

erectile dysfunction

A drug used primarily for pulmonary disorders but that can also be used for management of preterm labor is:

terbutaline

Maternal side effects of terbutaline include

hyperglycemia

Fetal side effects of terbutaline include

tachycardia

Zetia is used for which condition:

elevated cholesterol

Hydralizine is used for which condition:

hypertension

Quinidine is used to treat which condition:

cardiac arrhythmia

Lovenox is used to treat which condition

pulmonary embuli

Digoxin toxicity can usually be treated sufficiently by:

discontinuing digoxin

What is an advantage of the new oral anticoagulants?

fewer food and drug interactions

Fibrillation refers to

irregular heartbeat

Increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus is most associated with high doses of

calcium channel blockers

What is one purpose of International Normalized Ratio (INR) monitoring?

to monitor warfarin therapy

Coronary vasodilators are used for the

treatment of angina

Which drug is LEAST effective in reducing the mortality associated with heart failure?

bisoprolol

Hydralazline is given to treat which condition:

elevated cholestrol

Most drugs given to counteract arrhythmias have the potential for:

slowing heart rate

About what percentage of adults in the United States are considered to have hypertension?

47

Androgen

stimulates the development of male characteristic's

estrogen

Responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics

Luteninizing hormone (LH)

induces the secretion of estrogen, ovulation and the development of corpus luteum

Luteotropic hormone (LTH)

Stimulates the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum and the secretion of milk by the mammary glands

Oxytocin

used for induction of labor in, at, or near term pregnancies

magnesium sulfate

Used to prevent convulsions associated with preeclampsia

Sidenafil

used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction

Oxandrolone

Used for the treatment of cacchexia in patients with burns, trauma, AIDS, and COPD

Digoxin cardiac glycoside

Relaxes both smooth and cardiac muscle, causing decreases in coronary and peripheral vascular resistance and systolic blood pressure

Amiodarone antiarrhythmic

Increases the force of cardiac contractions without increasing oxygen consumption, thereby increasing cardiac output.

Propranolol beta-adrenergic blocker

Propranolol beta-adrenergic blocker

Enalapril ACE inhibitor

Lowers blood pressure by decreasing vasoconstriction

Metaprolol (Lopressor)

beta blocker

Losartan (Cozaar)

ACE inhibitor

Hydrocholorothiazide

thiazide diuretic