Unit 2 Test Honors history

Mr. Coleman Date: 10/10/25

1606 King James I Charter

King James I issued a charter dividing America between the Plymouth Company (north) and the London Company (south—Virginia).

Joint

stock company

Headright System

Granted 50 acres of land to settlers who paid their own or another’s passage to Virginia; encouraged settlement.

House of Burgesses

The first elected representative assembly in America (1619); marked the beginning of self

Indentured Servants

People who worked for several years to pay off passage to America; led to reliance on African slavery.

Protestant Reformation

Movement that led to the creation of the Church of England (Anglican Church).

Anglican Church head

The English monarch (King or Queen).

Anglican Church support

Through taxes and state support.

Separatists (Pilgrims)

Group that rejected the Anglican Church; fled first to the Netherlands, then to America.

Pilgrims

English Separatists who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620 for religious freedom.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement made by Pilgrims to form a self

Massachusetts Bay Company

Founded by Puritans; known for Thanksgiving and strict religious community.

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who called Massachusetts Bay “a City upon a Hill”; established a theocracy.

Thomas Hooker

Founder of Connecticut; left Massachusetts seeking greater religious and political freedom.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution in America; established representative government.

Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island; believed in separation of church and state and fair treatment of Native Americans.

Rhode Island settlement

Founded for religious freedom and separation of church and state.

Providence

Original settlement in Rhode Island.

Salem Witch Trials

1692–93 trials in Massachusetts where several people were accused of witchcraft; caused by fear and religious hysteria.

Oliver Cromwell

Military leader who ruled England after the Civil War and execution of King Charles I.

Restoration

Return of the monarchy under Charles II in 1660.

Proprietary Colony

A colony granted by the king to individuals or groups who owned and governed it.

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania.

Quakers

Religious group believing in equality, pacifism, and tolerance; called “Society of Friends.”

Henry Hudson

Explorer who claimed the Hudson River area for the Dutch.

Peter Stuyvesant

Dutch governor who surrendered New Netherland to the English.

James, Duke of York

Received New Netherland from King Charles II and renamed it New York.

New Jersey founders

Sir George Carteret and Sir John Berkeley.

New Jersey name

Named after the island of Jersey in England.

Delaware settlers

The Swedes.

Delaware proprietary rights

William Penn gained them to give Pennsylvania access to the sea.

Maryland founder

George Calvert, First Lord of Baltimore.

Maryland settlers

English Catholics seeking religious freedom.

Maryland name

Named after Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles I.

1649 Toleration Act

Granted religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland.

Carolinas founders

The Lords Proprietors, supporters of King Charles II.

Charles Town (Charleston)

Major city founded in Carolina colony.

North vs South Carolina

North—small farms, few slaves; South—large plantations, many slaves.

Southern Carolina trade

Slave trade and export of deerskins and rice.

Southern Carolina crops

Rice and indigo.

Carolina split

King Charles II and later King George II split the colony into North and South.

Georgia purpose

Military buffer between Spanish Florida and English colonies.

James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia; wanted a colony for debtors and banned slavery and alcohol.

Georgia charter

Granted by King George II.

Georgia settlers

English debtors and the poor.