Human Body Tissues and Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions from the lecture on human tissues and the endocrine, nervous, and muscular systems.

What are the four major types of human body tissues?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

It covers body surfaces and lines cavities.

What type of epithelium is one layer thick and good for diffusion and absorption?

Simple epithelium.

What is the function of connective tissue?

It supports, protects, and binds other tissues.

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.

Which muscles are voluntary and striated?

Skeletal muscles.

What is the function of the nervous tissue?

It transmits signals and supports cells.

What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts.

Which gland is controlled by the hypothalamus?

Pituitary Gland.

What hormone does ACTH stimulate?

Cortisol release from the adrenal cortex.

What is the role of TSH?

It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

What is the function of GH (Growth Hormone)?

It stimulates body growth.

What does ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) do?

It promotes water retention in the kidneys.

What are trophic hormones?

Hormones that target other endocrine glands.

How do steroid hormones act within the body?

They pass through cell membranes to act inside cells.

What is the function of insulin?

It lowers glucose levels in the blood.

What two hormones do adrenal glands produce?

Cortisol and aldosterone.

What is the central nervous system comprised of?

The brain and spinal cord.

What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

They receive impulses.

What is an action potential?

A nerve impulse due to depolarization and repolarization.

What happens during depolarization?

Na⁺ enters the neuron making the inside positive.

What causes the myelin sheath to form in the PNS?

Produced by Schwann cells.

What is a motor end plate?

The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

What is released during muscle contraction that binds to actin?

Calcium ions.

What substance is needed for muscle relaxation after contraction?

ATP.