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Interdependence

A dependence that is mutual between two or more people

Diffusion

The spread of ideas/practices from place to place

Alien

A legal resident of state that does not yet have citizenship

Illegal Immigrant

Someone who has enetered or resides illegally in a country

Refugee

A person who flees for safety from political oppression, natural disaster, war, etc

Deportation

The lawful expulsion of an alien

Repatriation

To send a person back to his/her country of citizenship

Extradition

Turning over an alleged fugitive or criminal to another state upon the states request

Asylum

A refugee granted an alien by a soverign state on their own land; a refugee granted protection in foreign embassy

Peninsulares

People living in Americas that were born in Europe, specifically Spain

Creoles

People born in the Americas whos ancestors came from Europe, specifically Spain

Amerindians

Native Americans

Mestizos

People living in the Americas that of mixed Amerindian and Europe heritage

Mullatos

People of mixed European and African descent

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.

Maquilladora

Factories in Mexico owned by a foreigner

Bolsa Familia

A government program which provides money to families in Brazil for education; used to break poverty cycle

Saheel

Transisiton zone from North African desert to South African savannah

Congo Basin

Basin of Congo River in Central Africa

Great Rift Valley

Low lying valley stretched across Eastern Africa from Middle East to Mozambique

Escarpment

Steep cliff

Cataract

Large waterfall

Desertification

Process of which a fertile land changes itself into a desert

Deforestation

The clearing of forest land

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Rwandan Genocide

Belgium made Tutsits (minority) and Hutus go agaisnt each other; Hutus commit genocide against Tutsis using machetes

Africas World War

War within Democratic Republic of Congo. Involves 7 countries, political, cultural division of resources

Mespotamia

Historic reigon in Middle East within Tigris and Euphrates river systems; modern day Iraq

Tigris+Euphrates

Two main river systems

Iraq War (2003-2012)

U.S invades Iraq to disarm Saddam Hussein of weapons of mass destruction

Kashmir

A region of northern India and Pakistan over which several destructive wars have been fought for resources

Sikhism

Attempt to mix Hindu and Islamic beliefs

Dalits (Untouchables)

Lowest level of Indias caste system

Colonialism

Aquiring full/partal political control over another country; destroyed communites, cultures, local industries

Partition

Divide into parts; Hindus fled to India, Muslims fled to Pakistan

Dharavi

The largest densely populated slum in Mumbai, India; result of overconsumption, poverty

Mao Zedong

Chinese communist dictator; founded the Peoples Republic of China

Great Leap Forward

A five year plan of forced agricultual production and industrialization by Mao Zedong; unrealistic standards, resulted in famine and no desire to work

One Child Policy

A policy by the Chinese government as a way of controlling the population; resulted in skewed gender ratios

Hukou System

Residency permits in China, indicates where someone is from and where they get certain rights such as education and work; resulted in caste system and splitting of families

Archipelago

A group of islands

Armistice

Temporary agreement to stop fighting; not a peace treaty

Korea Division

North had Chinese influence and wanted communism, South had U.S influence and wanted democracy

Kim Ill Sung

Founder of North Korea, "eternal leader"; diety

Kim Jong Un

Current leader of North Korea, dictator

Juche

North Korean ideology of self reliance, national unity, Kim family as dieties, independence

Illegal things in North Korea

Thoughtcrime, making jokes about North Korea, not praising Kims

Tundra

Is frigid, low elevation, terrain where bare ground and rock prevail and mosses, lichens, patches of low grass, and a few shrubs are all that grow

Taiga

Subarctic, "snow forest" , coniferous forests

Steppe

Grassland, farms, fields, grainbelt

Baltics

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (North East)

Balkans

Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia (South East)

Scandanavia

Norway Sweeden, Denmark (North)

Soviet Union

A Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other European countries, created by Lenin

Lenin

Founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist Party dictatorship.

1917 Russian Revolution

A period of revolutions in Russia led by Lenin, overthrew the tsarist autocracy and established Communism as the new form of government under Lenin.

Stalin

Dictator of the Soviet Union; led the Soviet Union through World War II and created a powerful Soviet influence in Eastern Europe after the war

Gorbachev

Last leader of Soviet Russia, wanted economic reform and a greater emphasis on human rights throughout Eastern Europe.

Glasnost

A policy of Soviet leader Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West

Perestroika

A policy by Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status in communist Russia towards a market based economy

Stalins 5 Year Plan

All economic decisions made and controlled by government, collective farms

Collective Farms

Government owned farms, Stalin sent Ukraine grain to Russia; people protested and starved

Great Famine in Ukraine

Result of Stalins farms as part of the first 5 Year Plan; unrealistic standards and "quotas" for grain left Ukrainians starved to death

Vladmir Putin

Current president of Russia, communist dictator

Reasons Putin wants Ukraine

Believes Ukraine is a part of Russia, wants Ukraine for the grain, wants access to the Mediteranian for trade

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; against Soviet Union. Ukraine wants to join NATO, Russia refuses. More European countries have joined NATO, cutting borders for Russia to enter (Finland).

EU

European union; seperate union dealing with economics

Viktor Yushchenko

Ukrainan president (2005-2010), tried to join EU; poisioned by Putin as result of winning election

Viktor Yanukovych

Ukranian president (2010-2014), pro Russian; withdrew from EU application process, elected as result of rigged election

Volodymyr Zelensky

Current Ukranian president, trying to become part of NATO; at war with Russia

2014 Crimean Crisis

Russia invades Crimean Peninsula in Ukraine, annexed/dominated it (took over)

Special Military Operation (2022)

Putin spoke and declared operation claiming to be "defending Russian controlled territories" in Ukraine; invades. Claims to "demilitarise and denazify" Ukraine. Targeted Kyiv, still currently at war with Ukraine, many Ukranians have been displaced and fleed their homes.

Ethnic Cleansing (Genocide)

Forced removal of an ethnic group from a certain area/piece of land