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Interdependence
A dependence that is mutual between two or more people
Diffusion
The spread of ideas/practices from place to place
Alien
A legal resident of state that does not yet have citizenship
Illegal Immigrant
Someone who has enetered or resides illegally in a country
Refugee
A person who flees for safety from political oppression, natural disaster, war, etc
Deportation
The lawful expulsion of an alien
Repatriation
To send a person back to his/her country of citizenship
Extradition
Turning over an alleged fugitive or criminal to another state upon the states request
Asylum
A refugee granted an alien by a soverign state on their own land; a refugee granted protection in foreign embassy
Peninsulares
People living in Americas that were born in Europe, specifically Spain
Creoles
People born in the Americas whos ancestors came from Europe, specifically Spain
Amerindians
Native Americans
Mestizos
People living in the Americas that of mixed Amerindian and Europe heritage
Mullatos
People of mixed European and African descent
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.
Maquilladora
Factories in Mexico owned by a foreigner
Bolsa Familia
A government program which provides money to families in Brazil for education; used to break poverty cycle
Saheel
Transisiton zone from North African desert to South African savannah
Congo Basin
Basin of Congo River in Central Africa
Great Rift Valley
Low lying valley stretched across Eastern Africa from Middle East to Mozambique
Escarpment
Steep cliff
Cataract
Large waterfall
Desertification
Process of which a fertile land changes itself into a desert
Deforestation
The clearing of forest land
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Rwandan Genocide
Belgium made Tutsits (minority) and Hutus go agaisnt each other; Hutus commit genocide against Tutsis using machetes
Africas World War
War within Democratic Republic of Congo. Involves 7 countries, political, cultural division of resources
Mespotamia
Historic reigon in Middle East within Tigris and Euphrates river systems; modern day Iraq
Tigris+Euphrates
Two main river systems
Iraq War (2003-2012)
U.S invades Iraq to disarm Saddam Hussein of weapons of mass destruction
Kashmir
A region of northern India and Pakistan over which several destructive wars have been fought for resources
Sikhism
Attempt to mix Hindu and Islamic beliefs
Dalits (Untouchables)
Lowest level of Indias caste system
Colonialism
Aquiring full/partal political control over another country; destroyed communites, cultures, local industries
Partition
Divide into parts; Hindus fled to India, Muslims fled to Pakistan
Dharavi
The largest densely populated slum in Mumbai, India; result of overconsumption, poverty
Mao Zedong
Chinese communist dictator; founded the Peoples Republic of China
Great Leap Forward
A five year plan of forced agricultual production and industrialization by Mao Zedong; unrealistic standards, resulted in famine and no desire to work
One Child Policy
A policy by the Chinese government as a way of controlling the population; resulted in skewed gender ratios
Hukou System
Residency permits in China, indicates where someone is from and where they get certain rights such as education and work; resulted in caste system and splitting of families
Archipelago
A group of islands
Armistice
Temporary agreement to stop fighting; not a peace treaty
Korea Division
North had Chinese influence and wanted communism, South had U.S influence and wanted democracy
Kim Ill Sung
Founder of North Korea, "eternal leader"; diety
Kim Jong Un
Current leader of North Korea, dictator
Juche
North Korean ideology of self reliance, national unity, Kim family as dieties, independence
Illegal things in North Korea
Thoughtcrime, making jokes about North Korea, not praising Kims
Tundra
Is frigid, low elevation, terrain where bare ground and rock prevail and mosses, lichens, patches of low grass, and a few shrubs are all that grow
Taiga
Subarctic, "snow forest" , coniferous forests
Steppe
Grassland, farms, fields, grainbelt
Baltics
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (North East)
Balkans
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia (South East)
Scandanavia
Norway Sweeden, Denmark (North)
Soviet Union
A Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other European countries, created by Lenin
Lenin
Founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist Party dictatorship.
1917 Russian Revolution
A period of revolutions in Russia led by Lenin, overthrew the tsarist autocracy and established Communism as the new form of government under Lenin.
Stalin
Dictator of the Soviet Union; led the Soviet Union through World War II and created a powerful Soviet influence in Eastern Europe after the war
Gorbachev
Last leader of Soviet Russia, wanted economic reform and a greater emphasis on human rights throughout Eastern Europe.
Glasnost
A policy of Soviet leader Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West
Perestroika
A policy by Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status in communist Russia towards a market based economy
Stalins 5 Year Plan
All economic decisions made and controlled by government, collective farms
Collective Farms
Government owned farms, Stalin sent Ukraine grain to Russia; people protested and starved
Great Famine in Ukraine
Result of Stalins farms as part of the first 5 Year Plan; unrealistic standards and "quotas" for grain left Ukrainians starved to death
Vladmir Putin
Current president of Russia, communist dictator
Reasons Putin wants Ukraine
Believes Ukraine is a part of Russia, wants Ukraine for the grain, wants access to the Mediteranian for trade
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization; against Soviet Union. Ukraine wants to join NATO, Russia refuses. More European countries have joined NATO, cutting borders for Russia to enter (Finland).
EU
European union; seperate union dealing with economics
Viktor Yushchenko
Ukrainan president (2005-2010), tried to join EU; poisioned by Putin as result of winning election
Viktor Yanukovych
Ukranian president (2010-2014), pro Russian; withdrew from EU application process, elected as result of rigged election
Volodymyr Zelensky
Current Ukranian president, trying to become part of NATO; at war with Russia
2014 Crimean Crisis
Russia invades Crimean Peninsula in Ukraine, annexed/dominated it (took over)
Special Military Operation (2022)
Putin spoke and declared operation claiming to be "defending Russian controlled territories" in Ukraine; invades. Claims to "demilitarise and denazify" Ukraine. Targeted Kyiv, still currently at war with Ukraine, many Ukranians have been displaced and fleed their homes.
Ethnic Cleansing (Genocide)
Forced removal of an ethnic group from a certain area/piece of land