Theology MIdterm

The categories of the sacraments.

* **Initiation - Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist**
* **Service - Holy Orders, Matrimony**
* Healing - **Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick**

The purpose of the sacraments, and how they are connected to a holy life.

* **be an outward sign of inward grace**
* **the touchstone of grace**
* **lead to unity with God and his church** 

The Eastern Catholic terms for mass and the sacrament

Mass-  **divine liturgy**

The Sacrament- **holy mysteries**

The Gifts of the Holy Spirit 

* **wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, fear of the lord**

wisdom

seeing things from God’s POV

understanding

**perspective on things beyond ourselves** 

**counsel**

**helps make good decisions**

**fortitude**

courage

**knowledge**

 **recognition of earthly temptations**

**piety**

 **devotion to God**

**fear of the lord**

 **resolve not to offend God**

The Fruits of the Holy Spirit.

**charity,  joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, generosity,  faithfulness, modesty, self-control, Chasity**

The Sacraments of Initiation

**baptism** 

**confirmation** 

**eucharist**

Baptism form and matter

form: trinitarian formula

matter: water

Confirmation or Chrismation form and matter

form: be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit

matter: oil

Eucharist form and matter

form: this is my body, this is my blood

matter: bread and wine

Penance and Reconciliation form and matter

form: through the ministry….absolve you of your sins

matter: penitents’ contrition, confession, and satisfaction for sin

Anointing of the sick form and matter

form: through this holy anointing… may the lord share his love and mercy

matter: oil, anointing

Holy Orders form and matter

form: words

matter: laying of hands

Matrimony form and matter

form: vows

matter: consent of the people

The origin of the sacrament of Confirmation

**Pentecost, when the HS came down on the Apostles. Sealing with the gift of the HS was part of Baptism in the early centuries of the church**

The connection of Baptism with Confirmation

* **The origin of confirmation perfects the grace of Baptism**
* **we renew our Baptismal vows at confirmation** 

Who may perform the Sacrament of Confirmation?

**bishops, but priests under specific circumstances(authority of  bishop)** 

How the Sacrament of Confirmation has changed over the centuries, and how it has not changed.

**after 5th century AD, Confirmation became a separate ceremony, due to infant baptism becoming the norm.**

The connections of the Sacrament of Eucharist to the Old Testament

* **Abraham and Malkizadek - offering of bread and wine to God in Gen 14**
* **Jesus is the Passover lamb  - death of innocence = salvation** 
* **the last supper was a Passover meal** 
* **Thank offering of Bread and Wine (Todah in Hebrew, Eucharist in Greek) common in Isreal from the time of King David**

How the Sacrament of Eucharist has changed over time, and how it has stayed the same.

* **the mass used to be in latin the altar used to face away from the congregation** 


* **the essential elements have not changed** 

The Effects of the Sacrament of Eucharist

* **Absolution of venial sins** 
* **aid in avoiding mortal sin** 
* **unites us to God and the church more fully**

The two major parts of the Mass.

* **Liturgy of the Word**
* **Liturgy of the Eucharist**

What is required to receive Eucharist?

* **Must be baptized**
* **state of grace**
* **age of reason**
* **instruction in the sacrament**

The Four elements of Reconciliation.

* **contrition(sorrow and repentance)** 
* **confession(you go in and admit to past sins)**
* **satisfaction(penance)**
* **absolution(in persona Christi says the prayer and gets you covered)**

The difference between Mortal and Venial sin.

* **Mortal: a serious offense, characterized by the following things**
* **Venial:  a sin that is not mortal is venial (not as bad)**

The reason Reconciliation includes a confession to a priest.

*  **because that's the method of forgiveness that Jesus Himself established during His earthly ministry**
* **the priest acts** ***in persona christi*****, as authorized by the Church, which was authorized by Jesus to forgive sins. Additionally, confession to a fellow human acknowledges that our sins have real-world consequences and affect the people around us.** 

The Effects of Reconciliation

* **forgiveness of sins** 
* **peace of conscience** 
* **resistance to temptation** 
* **spiritual consolation**

The purpose of the Sacrament of Anointing

* **helps unite those who are suffering with Jesus' saving and healing power**

Who may receive Anointing of the Sick

* someone gravely ill
* the elderly
* anyone about to undergo serous surgery
* someone in immediate danger of death
* someone who is unconscious, but not dead
* dead people can’t get anointed

Effects of Anointing of the Sick

* **Union of the sick to christ, and the passion of christ** 
* **absolution for sins, for someone not able to confess**
* **Preparation for crossing over into eternal life**
* **strength, peace, and courage to endure suffering** 
* **physical healings, if conducive to spiritual healing** 

Three forms of anointing of the sick

* inside the church
* outside the church
* emergency rite

How redemptive suffering is supposed to work, and what it is not supposed to be.

* **it joins our pain to the pain of Christ’s suffering, not supposed to be something we seek**

The circumstances under which a non-clerical baptism is valid

* **emergency**
* **clear intent to baptize**
* **water**
* **trinitarian formula**
* **desire to be baptized** 

How the catechumenate has changed throughout history.

* **Catechumens used to only be adults**
* **baptized at the easter vigil** 
* **later infant baptism became normal** 
* **catechumenate largely went away** 

**revived at the second Vatican council as RCIA Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults)** \n

Extreme Unction

**“last anointing”, referred to the time that the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick is received just before death** 

Redemptive suffering

**the joining of our pain to the pain of Christ’s suffering remits punishment due to sin** 

Perfect contrition

 **a repentant for sins that are motivated by love and faith**

Seal of confession

**absolute duty of priests or anyone who happens to hear a confession not to disclose anything that they learn from penitents during the course of the sacrament of Penance(confession)**

Absolution

**forgivness for sins**

Examination of conscience

* **honest assessment of how well we have lived God’s covenant of love**
* **before going to confession you must do this**

Transubstantiation

**the changing of the bread and wine into the body and blood of christ**

Viaticum

**the Eucharist as given to a person near or in danger of death.(given as part of the anointing of the sick)** 

Real Presence

**Jesus is in the body and blood (wine and bread)**

Passover

**the commemoration of liberation of the Jews from Egypt. symbolically points to the crucifixion of Jesus of the lamb reflects the death of the innocent, perfect sacrifice** 

Chrism

**he sacred/blessed oil used in baptism, confirmation, and anointing of the sick** 

Sponsor

**one who stands with the recipient during a confirmation**

Evangelization

**to preach/spread the gospel**

Paschal Mystery

**the death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ**

Invocation

**calling down of the Holy Spirit**

Liturgy

**form of public worship** 

Eastern Catholic Churches

**churches of the east that are in communion with Rome**

Catechumen

**candidate for baptism**

Neophyte

t**hose newly received into the church through the sacraments of initiation at the Easter vigil**

Candidate

**someone who is baptized but not in full communion with the Church**

Easter Vigil

**when ancient baptisms took place, now when RCIA Baptists take place**

Baptism of desire

**the belief that catechumens who die before receiving the sacrament of baptism receive forgiveness for their sins and experience God's saving mercy**

Baptism of blood

 **the belief that martyrs were baptized in their martyrdom**

Rite of Election

**moment when a catechumen is presented to the congregation, a few weeks prior to being baptized**