development & intelligence study guide- psych

Sylvia's mom has a strict set of rules about when Sylvia needs to be home at night. However, Sylvia usually respects these rules because her mom explained that she just wants to make sure Sylvia is safe. Sylvia's mom probably follows which type of parenting style?

Authoritative

The correct order or sequence of Piaget's stages is

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence?

Eliana, a fifth grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time

The brain structure responsible for coordinating balance and movement is the

cerebellum

The rooting reflex occurs when a

Newborn's cheek is touched

Both Allie and Aubrey believe that their dad should not drive over the speed limit on their family vacation to Florida. While Allie does not want his dad to get a speeding ticket, Aubrey believes that rules are rules and laws are laws and need to be obeyed. Allie's reasoning is characteristic of the ____ level and Aubrey's is characteristic of the ____ level of moral development.

preconventional; conventional

Binet used the term mental age to refer to

the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of intelligence test performance.

Typically, individuals concerned with the crisis of initiative versus guilt are in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

preoperational

The nineteenth-century English scientist Sir Francis Galton believed that

superior intelligence is biologically inherited.

Recent research suggests that adolescents may be prone to engage in risky behaviors such as reckless driving and unprotected sex because the ____ area of the brain is not fully developed until late adolescence or early adulthood.

prefrontal cortex

You find online a great new recipe for chocolate cheesecake. The recipe looks complicated, but the site guarantees that if you follow the directions exactly, you have a great dessert. Following the exact ingredients and steps is an example of

an algorithm

According to Vygotsky, the gap between what a learner can accomplish alone, and what the learner can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners, refers to

the zone of proximal development

As 79-year-old Alex mentally reviews his life he cannot help from smiling. He believes he married and spent over 40 years with the most wonderful woman in the world, helped to raise three fine children, and was successful in his career as canine graphic designer. At this point in his life, Alex is experiencing

integrity

Maggie expected all high school teachers to be old, bearded males. She found it difficult to recognize young Mr. Wedwick as a legitimate teacher due to her own:

inadequate schema

When you learn to ignore the sounds of traffic on the busy street where you live, you are exhibiting

habituation

Who is most likely to be criticized for extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of talents?

howard gardner

Caregivers who are inconsistent or insensitive in responding to their infants are more likely to have infants who exhibit ____ attachments.

anxious-ambivalent or avoidant

Maddie asks her mom why the grass doesn't hurt when she steps on it to play. Maddie does not understand the concept of __________ and is in the _________ stage of cognitive development

animism; preoperational

Boys who mature ____ and girls who mature ____ are more likely than other adolescents to feel subjective distress and emotional difficulties with the transition to adolescence.

late; early

Your psychology teacher has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.

validity

Which psychologist's theory of development is most closely aligned with the nature side of the nature vs. nurture debate

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

The proximodistal trend suggests children gain control of their

torso before their extremities

A 12-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have an IQ of

75

The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is

a diverse set of distinct abilities.

Luke watches his dad cut a piece of pizza into 12 slices. Then he cuts another pizza into only 8 slices. Luke tells his dad that he wants the first pizza because it has more in it. Luke does not understand the concept of what?

conservation

Now that Eli is six years old, he is better able to emphasize with his friend's feeling than he did when he was three years old. Eli is acquiring a(n):

theory of mind

Abe caught his younger brother watching TV when he was supposed to be in bed. His younger brother threatens to tell their mother that Abe stayed out late one night if he tells about watching TV. Abe agrees to do this even though his mother would be very disappointed in him for not telling. Abe is following what stage of moral development?

preconventional

Melinda completed the Computer Programming Aptitude Test when she applied for a position with Beta Electronics. Six months later, she took the same test when she applied for a position with another company. The fact that her scores were almost identical on the two occasions suggests that the test has a high degree of

reliability

Harlow's research with monkeys raised with two types of artificial mothers found that when frightened, infant monkeys went to the artificial mother that

was made of cloth

The cognitive ability that has been shown to decline during adulthood is the ability to

thinking quickly about problems

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess

academic aptitude

JJ cried when his mother left him in the infant nursery at church, and he was not reassured or comforted by her return a short while later. JJ showed signs of

insecure attachment

Our enduring personality traits are first evident in our differing

temperaments

The widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century is called

Flynn effect

gender identity refers to

the sense of being male or female

If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test

is not valid

During Erikson's crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt, a child should begin to take some responsibility for his feeding and dressing. As a result, the child should gain a sense of self-sufficiency. This stage occurs from ____ years of age.

1-3

The age at which people are expected to leave home, get a job, and marry has changed dramatically in Wallonia over the past 50 years. Developmentalists would say that the country's ________ has been altered.

social clock

Matt can correctly identify his own right and left hands, but when he faces his father he consistently misidentifies his father's right and left hands. Matt's difficulty in recognizing the perspective difference illustrates what Piaget concept:

Egocentrism

Jacqueline and Joe's third and last child is leaving home for college next year. Their empty nest is likely to be a(n) ________ place.

happy