Organelle
specialized structure that performs important specific cellular functions within a cell
cell fractionation
technique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are separated
ultracentrifugation
The second stage of cell fractionation when the fragments in filtered homogenate are separated in a machine called a centrifuge.
Plasma membrane
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
homogenization
when trying to separate cell organelles, a tissue containing cells is blended in a cold buffered solution isotonic to the cell cytoplasm
nucleus
double membrane organelle where transcription and production of mRNA takes place
cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Transcription
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA. occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
translation
(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
metabolites
chemical products of metabolism
enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
Lysosomes
single membrane bound cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
phagocytosis
process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell
phagocytic vacuole
forms when microbe is engulfed and will fuse with a lysosome
mitochondria
a double membrane bound organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
Cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement. Not considered an organelle
Chloroplast
a double membrane bound organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
ribosome
organelle not bound by a membrane that is the site of protein synthesis
cell wall
not considered an organelle - outside of a plant cell. rigid structure made of cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
flagella
membrane bound organelle that allows for movement of cells
Organelles with no membrane
Ribosomes
Free DNA in prokaryotes
Microtubules
Organelles with single membrane
Rough and smooth eR
Vacuole and Vesicles
Lysossomes
Golgi Apparatus
Organelles with double membrane
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Amyloplasts
Chromoplasts