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What muscles are involved in UES proximity shortening?
Superior, Inferior, Middle Constrictors, Salpingopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, Posterior Belly of Digastric, Stylohyoid.
The Superior, Inferior and Middle constrictors are innervated by...
Pharyngeal plexus
The stylopharyngeus is innervated by...
Facial (CN VII)
The salpingopharyngeus is innervated by...
Pharyngeal plexus
The palatopharyngeus is innervated by...
Pharyngeal plexus
Swallowing is a pressure based system. It relies on valve closure to maintain and release pressure. These valves are...
lips, velopharyngeal port, larynx and UES.
What is the term used to describe the movement in the hyoid bone and what does it open?
Hyoid excursion, the UES
What innervates the cricopharyngeus muscle?
The recurrant laryngeal branch of the vagus (CN X) nerve
At rest, the cricopharyngeus muscle is...
Tonically contracted
Which muscle acts in a pair with the anterior belly of digastric?
Mylohyoid
The mylohyoid is innervated by...
Trigeminal (CN V)
The anterior belly of digastric is innervated by...
Trigeminal (CN V)
The geniohyoid is innervated by...
Ansa cervicalis
Which muscles are responsible for anterior movement of the hyoid bone?
Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, geniohyoid
Which muscles are responsible for superior movement of the hyoid bone?
Stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, middle pharyngeal constrictor, thryohyoid.
The stylohyoid is innervated by...
Facial (CN VII)
Posterior belly of digastric works closely with...
Stylohyoid
The posterior belly of digastric is innervated by...
Facial (CN VII)
The thyrohyoid is innervated by...
Ansa cervicalis
What are the methods of airway protection?
Approximation of the back of the tongue to the palaste, adduction of the vocal folds, arytenoid tilt over the posterior glottis, quadrangular membrane compression, epiglottis tilt.
What muscles are involved in the back of the tongue approximation to the palate?
Palatoglossus, styloglossus, posterior belly, stylohyoid, glossopharyngeus
The styloglossus is innervated by...
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
How does the back of the tongue approximation to th epalate protect the airway?
It stops the bolus from sliding off the tongue and into the pharynx.
What muscles adduct the artenoids, then vocal folds?
Interarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoids, thryoarytenoids
The lateral cricoarytenoids and interarytenoids are innervated by...
the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus (CN X) nerve
A healthy swallow will occur ____ or ______ as another layer of airway protection (exhaled air can push fluid or food away from the airway entrance)
mid-inhalation, just before exhalation
Salivary flow is stimulated by these glands...
submandibular, sublingual, parotid
The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands are innervated by...
Facial (CN VII)
The parotid salivary gland is innervated by...
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
The jaw closer muscles are...
masseter and temporalis
The masseters and temporalis are innervated by....
Trigeminal (CN V)
The jaw openers are...
Anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, lateral ptergyoid
The lateral and medial pterygoids are innervated by...
Trigeminal (CN V)
As the bolus enters the __ __ muscles of the tongue drop to form a little cup.
Intrinsic lingual
The intrinsic lingual muscles are innervated by...
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Orbicularis oris is innervated by...
Facial (CN VII)
Jaw closers and jaw openers work _____.
antagonistically
Olfactory and Optic sensory information travels to the ____, where a reaction is attached.
limbic system
After the limbic system, olfactory and optic sensory information goes to the ___ lobe where _____ _____ decides whether you actually want it or not.
frontal, executive functioning
After going to the frontal lobe for executive functioning, the olfactory and optic sensory information goes to the _____ where a motor plan is created.
NTS
In the oral cavity, touch is modulated. Everything UP from the tongue is innervated by the ____ branch of the ____ nerve.
maxillary, trigeminal
In the oral cavity, touch is modulated. Everything DOWN from the tongue is innervated by the ____ branch of the ____ nerve.
mandibular, trigeminal
Touch for the posterior 1/3 of tongue and faucial pillars is innervated by...
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Taste in the anterior 2/3 of tongue is innervated by...
Facial (CN VII)
Taste in the posterior 1/3 of tongue is innervated by...
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
What is the marker that the pharyngeal swallowing response has started?
Hyoid excursion
The oesophagus has positive or negative pressure at rest?
negative
The puffy tissue of the glottis containing the false vocal folds is called the...
quadrangular membrane
What innervates the larynx?
The superior laryngeal nerve of vagus (CN X)
Premature spillage is an impairment of the ____ system.
motor
Delayed pharyngeal swallow is an impairment of the ____ system.
sensory
Pre-swallow pooling is an impairment of the ____ system
motor
The NTS is located in the ___ ____
dorsal medulla
The NA is located in the ____ ____
medulla oblongata
The NTS processes what kind of information, and does what with it?
sensory information, creates a motor plan
The "messenger" neurons between the NA and NTS are known as....
interneurons (or master interneurons)
The primary motor nucleus for which nerves is located in the ventral medulla?
Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X) and Spinal accessory (XI)
The NA is incharge of....
executing the motor plan
Ingestive swallowing requires...
cortical input from the NTS
Hyoid excursion facilitates what epiglottic movement in order to....
Epiglottic tilt, protect the airway
Decreasing pharyngeal lumen uses muscles...
Superior, Middle, Inferior pharyngeal constrictors
Note 
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