Biotechnology part 1

Biotechnology Derivations:

Bio = life

Techno = tool

Logy/logos = study of

“The study of tools from living things”

Is a branch of science in which living things are used to make new products

Biotechnology

It is the use of living organisms or processes to make products useful for mankind

Biotechnology

This has been existing for centuries, began with the first action of human on life for his welfare

Biotechnology

It started when people modified microorganisms to the needs of humanity

Biotechnology

In the past, biotechnologists would used — to ferment alcoholic drinks and the — to make cheese and yoghurt

yeast cells and bacteria

The term biotechnology was coined by a hungarian engineer named —.

Modern biotechnology started in what place and date?

Before 1971, what was biotechnology used for?

Karl Erecky

1970, California

Food processing and Agriculture industries

Is a special form of industrial park specialized in Biotechnology.

Biotechnology Industrial Park (BIP)

They usually hosts a cluster of companiesthat work together as a bio-refinery.

Why is bio-refinery a biomass equivalent to an oil-refinery?

• A bio refinery converts biomass into a spectrum of valuable products

• a biomass is made up of renewable organic materials made out of living things

Biotechnology Industrial Park (BIP)

• Both benefit from a single product that can be used for multiple purposes. A bio-refinery uses the biomass while an oil-refinery uses crude oil.

• a crude oil is a black fossil fuel liquid found underground.

Biotic organisms involved in Biotechnology:

Animals, plants, protists, fungus, bacteria

Is the science upon which all biotechnological applications are based

Bioengineering

State the 8 branches of Bioengineering:

Biotechnology combines disciplines like:

Applications of Biotechnology in Food, pharmaceuticals and agriculture industries:

main application: health, agriculture, industry, environmen

Types of Biotechnology:

• Green biotechnology (Agricultural applications)

• Red biotechnology (Medical applications)

• Blue biotechnology (Aquatic applications)

• White Biotechnology (Industrial applications)

a collection of scientific techniques used to improve plants, animals, and microorganisms based on understanding of DNA.

Agricultural biotechnology/Green biotech

Through green biotechnology, scientists have developed 3 solutions:

• increase agricultural productivity. (The process of growing crops and raising livestock to collect resources.)

• Enhances breeder's ability to make improvements in crops and livestock

• Enables improvements that are not possible with traditional crossing of related species alone. (Traditional crossing or generally known as hybridridization, is the process of breeding two of the same species with different breeds. However, this means that there is more flexibility in breeding different organisms, resulting to a hybrid.)

This is used to enhance the chemical components of an organism

Hybridization

State the 5 uses of green biotechnology:

• plant tissue culture

• plant genetic engineering

• biofertilizers and biopesticides

• Hybridization

• fight climate change

— is a serious problem and can cause blindness at a young age if left untreated.

what is an example of an agricultural product formed from biotechnological techniques?

Vitamin A

golden rice

Golden rice was genetically modified to produce —, a precursor of vitamin A that the body converts to vitamin A. A diet including golden rice can thus help to raise vitamin A levels

Beta-carotene

Because of the pigment produced by the Beta-carotene in golden rice, the human body is able to add more color to the body. This process is done by the cells present in the skin called —

melanocytes

A biological method used to optimize industrial processes, often applied by manufacturers of laundry detergents

white biotechnology

The white biotechnology includes research for —, proteins that remove oily and protein-based stains. These often work under extreme conditions with wash temperatures of — or —. However, why is it continuously modified to withstand a harsher environment?

new enzymes (20 - 90 degrees celsius)

• To be able to fight agaisnt bad bacteria and aid the washing process of removing stains

This term is used in medical processes, often involving the manipulation of microorganisms to make products such as antibiotics

red biotechnology

red biotechnology includes 4:

• Production of medicines and pharmaceutical products for treating or diagnosing disorders

• designing of organisms to manufacture antibiotics and vaccines

• engineering of genetic defects through genomic manipulation (altering dna)

• use in forensics through DNA profiling (Identifying a person by analyzing their unique dna pattern)

State the 4 examples of red biotechnology:

• production of human insulin from non-human sources

• production of hormones like interferons, cytokinins, steroids, and human growth hormones

• gene therapy for prevention and control of diseases like hemophilia and cystic fibrosis

• development of vaccines and antibodies for rabies, HIV, etc.

state the 6 uses of red biotechnology:

state the 3 drugs made because of red biotechnology:

• cloning

• gene therapy (for prevention and control of diseases)

• genetic testing (analyzing dna, chromosomes/proteins to find changes linked to diseases)

• agricultural development

• environment

• development of medicines

1. insulin

2. interferons

3. growth hormones

Who si the father of genetics?

what is known as the study of cells?

which branch of bioengineering does biotechnology belong?

state the DNA and RNA sequence

what biotic organism is used in anaerobic processes for fermentation?

what is the chemical used to detect blood and handprints?

who discovered penincilin and how?

antibiotic and antiviral is used to fight agaisnt what?

• Gregor Mendel

• Cytology

• Chemical Engineering

• Dna sequence [ATCG] Rna sequence [AUCG]

• bacteria

• luminol

• Alexander Fleming - by accident when he returned from vacation to find mold (Penicillium notatum) contaminating a Staphylococcus bacteria culture plate, noticing a clear ring around the mold where bacteria couldn't grow.

• bacterial infection, viruses

• — can be used to make biological substances for humans which are equally effective as natural substances

• microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast are used to make substances (produce drugs) like — and —

• treatment of diseases like — and — are made possible with the help of biotechnology

• Microorganisms

• insulin and interferons

• hepatitis and arthritis

• — is being produced using genetic engineering technique known as —, aand it is used for the treatment of diabetes that is low sugar level in the blood

• human insulin, humulin

(red biotechnology)

inteferes in the transmission of viral genomes from cell to another and it also inhibits the cell division of abnormal cells.

interferon

(red biotechnology)

• since dwarfism is caused by growth hormone deficiency, it can be diagnose by —.

• — is produced using the recombinant dna technology which is used to treat cancer patients. this imporved the quality of life of cancer patients.

• this is used for the treatment of dwarfism due to hypo pituitary activity. = —

• HGH testing (human growth hormone)

• interferon

• HGH testing (human growth hormone)

(red biotechnology)

• a normalflora, a kind of bacteria inside the system of a living organism. = —

• a gene editing tool alongside an enzyme called cas 9. = —

• this living organism is mostly used for the production of most medicines. = —

• uses dna to find its accurate match. = —

• this balances the sugar level, lowers blood sugar level, and is located at the pacreas. = —

• a hormone responsible for raising blood sugar level and is located at the pancreas aswell. = —

• this can be used for artificial insulin. = —

• estericha coli / E. coli

• CRISPR / clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

• estericha coli / E. coli

• dna profiling

• insulin

• glucagon

• yeast

• also called an opportunistic pathogen. a kind of organism that attacks the system once it weakens. = —

• this works through an electron microscope by cutting a specific mutation and relocates it. = —

• this is the inability to produce blood clotting. = —

• this is the excess production of mucus that blocks the passageway of the lung. = —

• what does CRISPR stands for?

• this is best injected during childhood development for victims of dwarfism. = —

• what does interferon use to treat cancer and improve it?

• estericha coli / E. coli

• CRISPR / clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

• hemophilia

• cystic fibrosis

• CRISPR / clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

• HGH / human growth hormone

• recombinant dna

genetic manipulation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, plants and animals often for the development of specific products

recombinant dna technology