Womens health

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21 Terms

1
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Main hormones responsible for the changes that occur during puberty

Females- Estradiol and progesterone

Males- Testosterone

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5 physical changes for females

Hips widen, breasts grow, pubic hair, taller, sweaty

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5 physical changes for males

Voice drops, gains weight, gets taller, pubic hair, sweaty

4
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5 emotional and social changes that occur for both males and females

  • Separates from family

  • Becomes closer to friends

  • Gets more anxious

  • Gets more emotional

  • Gets more embarrassed

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PMS

  • A group of symptoms that occur in women, typically between ovulation and a period.

  • Mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression.

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Sanitary items that females have available for them to use when they have their period

  • Pads

  • Tampons

  • Period undies

  • Menstrual cups

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Menstruation

A normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus, or womb, sheds its lining.

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Stage 1: Menstruation

  • Commonly known as ‘period’

  • Uterine lining sheds and exits out through the vagina

  • Average length lasts between 3-5 days; can last up to 7

Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone are at their lowest.

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Stage 2: Follicular Phase

  • The dominant follicle in your ovaries matures an egg

  • This follicles prepared the egg to be released at the next stage

  • The lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for pregnancy

  • Occurs from the beginning of your period until ovulation

Hormones: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen increases

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Stage 3: Ovulation

  • The mature egg is released from the ovaries, through the fallopian tubes towards your uterus.

  • Lasts for 16-32 hours

  • Occurs around day 16

  • Once the mature egg is released, it will survive for 24 hours in the uterus.

Hormones: Dramatic increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen decreases right after ovulation.

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Stage 4: Luteal

  • Lining thickens further in preparation for pregnancy

  • Occurs after ovulation, and ends at the start of menstruation.

  • If the egg is fertilised, it implants on the lining and the increase of progesterone maintains the thickness of the lining

  • If pregnancy does not occur, the egg dies, progesterone levels drop and the uterus lining sheds which is the beginning of menstruation

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Hormones that control menstruation: FSH and LH

Released in the pituitary gland, which is a part of the brain

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Hormones that control menstruation: Oestrogen

  • Development of the female secondary sexual characteristics

  • prepare the release of the ovum and the uterine lining thickens.

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Hormones that control menstruation: Progesterone

Primarily responsible for preparing the uterus lining for a potential pregnancy

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Follicle Stimulating Hormone’s (FSH) role in the menstrual cycle

  • The pituitary gland releases the FSH hormone. 

  • FSH is secreted into the blood stream and enters the ovaries where the follicle then produces an ovum (egg).

  • The follicle then releases oestrogen to prepare the release of the ovum and the uterine lining thickens.

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Luteinizing Hormone’s (LH) role in the menstrual cycle

  • After about 2 weeks the production of FSH stops and LH is produced. 

  • LH is then transported through the blood stream to the ovaries to stimulate ovulation in the follicle.

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Progesterone’s role in the menstrual cycle

  • If the ovum is not fertilized the the ovum degenerates and menstruation begins.

  • If the ovum is fertilized it embeds to the uterine wall and the overall hormone levels rise. 

  • The remains of the follicle are then transported to the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine gland, where progesterone is secreted.

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PCOS Key facts:

  • PCOS affects about %10 of women

  • Women with PCOS have partially formed follicles on the ovaries, each of which contains an egg.

  • These rarely grow to maturity or produce eggs that can be fertilised.

  • About 85% of women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which means the body blocks glucose from going into cells. 

  • By age 40, 40% of women with PCOS will develop pre-diabetes or diabetes. 

  • Fatty liver affects 15% to 55% of women with PCOS and can be improved by diet changes.

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PCOS symptoms:

  • Irregular or no periods

  • Excessive hair (hirsutism) on the face or body

  • Hair loss (alopecia)

  • Skin conditions such as acne and skin tags

  • Weight problems

  • Reduced fertility

  • Stress, anxiety and depression

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Female reproductve system

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Cultural issues that impact women surrounding periods

It can be seen as

  • taboo

  • unclean

  • embarrassing

In some cultures there are

  • prohibitions on attending religious ceremonies

  • visiting religious spaces

  • handling food

  • sleeping in the home.