Nervous System and Brain Structures

These flashcards cover major concepts and structures related to the nervous system and brain anatomy as detailed in the lecture notes.

What part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and balance?

Cerebellum

Which brain region is responsible for conscious thought processes, judgment, and problem solving?

Cerebrum

What structure relays signals between the brain and the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata

What is the primary role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

It transmits nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Fill in the blank: The __ is a small part of the cerebral hemisphere involved in processing sensory information.

cerebellum

Fill in the blank: The __ connects the two hemispheres of the brain.

corpus callosum

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

Regulates homeostasis and autonomic functions.

What is the structure called that produces cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

Choroid plexus

What happens during depolarization in the action potential of a neuron?

Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing Na+ ions to enter.

Define 'repolarization' in the context of action potentials.

The process where voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing K+ ions to exit the neuron.

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

The electrochemical gradient at the plasma membrane when the cell is at rest.

What is the minimum voltage change required to initiate an action potential?

Threshold.

What is the function of Nissl bodies in a neuron?

They are involved in protein synthesis and contain ribosomes.

Which structures are identified in peripheral nerves?

Endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium.

Where does cerebral spinal fluid flow after being produced?

From the choroid plexus to the lateral ventricles and then to the interventricular foramina.

What is the function of the pituitary gland in the nervous system?

Regulates various hormonal functions.