Unit 1 Vocabulary Terms

decimal number

decimal number

a base 10 number with ten possible different number digits

binary number

a base 2 number with two possible different number digits

bit

a contraction of “binary digit”, the single unit of representation in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or a 1

byte

8 bits

overflow error

error from attempting to represent a number that is too large

roundoff error

error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise; the value has to be rounded

abstraction

a simple representation of something more complex; allow you to hide details to manage complexity, focus on relevant concepts, and reason about problems at a higher level

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange; universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand

protocool

a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices

analog data

data with values that change continuously or smoothly, over time; ex. music, colors of a painting, sprinter’s position during a race

digital data

data that changes discreetly through a set of finite values

sampling

a process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples

pixel

each little square that contains a single point of color of a larger image; short for picture element

metadata

other data in an image file that describes the pixel data; ex. height and width of an image, number of colors, resolution

image

a type of data used for graphics or pictures

hexadecimal

a base 16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers from 0 to 15

RGB

a color model that uses varying intensities of red, green, and blue light are added together in order to reproduce a broad array of colors

lossless compression

reversible process to reduce the number of bits needed to represent something without losing information; most useful when something needs to be represented accurately

lossy compression

irreversible process to reduce the number of bits needed where some information is lost; most useful when file size is a concern or when it needs to be sent in a reasonable amount of time

creative commons license

allows content creators to specify exactly the permissions and restrictions of their creation

BY

attribution - others who use this work must give credit to the original author

NC

non-commercial - others may not use this work for advertising or to make money

SA

share-alike - users of this work must share any derivative works under the exact same license

ND

no derivative works - users may only use this work as is and may make no modifications

intellectual property

any intellectual creation, such as literary works, artistic works, inventions, designs, symbols, names, images, computer code, etc.