pesticides, soil, and fertilizer

When choosing pesticides, always look for one that…

Contains the least hazardous active ingredients

The pesticides that are absorbed or ingested and circulate in the body are called…

Systemic

Which signal word would be found on a highly toxic pesticide?

Danger

The pesticide formulation that requires constant agitation to maintain particle suspension is…

Dry flowables and wettable powders

An _ is a chemical added to a pesticide formulation or mix to increase their effectiveness or safety.

Adjuvant

What are the most logical first steps in pest management decision making?

Evaluate the problem. Identify the pest causing it.

Which pesticide formula is NOT ready to use

Emulsifiable concentrate

You should read a pesticides label before you purchase it, even if you have used it in the past, so you can….

Ensure that you can use the product in the site (place, plant, etc) you want to treat

Where can you find out what protective clothing you need to wear and what equipment you should use when handling a pesticide?

Label

If you want to control broadleaf perennial weed in a lawn, the best choice would be a product that contains an active ingredient that is…

Selective

Mild poisoning or early symptoms of acute poisoning include…

Fatigue, headache, sweating, and salivation

A method of reducing pesticide spray drift would be…

Spray in the morning

A pesticide storage area should be…

Well ventilated, dry, and protected from temp extremes

A method for reducing pesticide disposal problems would include…

Buying small volume containers, buying ready to use containers, and choosing products that simplify measuring and mixing. NOT mixing unused product before storage

Pesticide products that are extremely hazardous to humans and/or environment are classified as ____, and can only be purchased by Virginia certified applicators

Restricted-use-pesticides

Under ideal moisture conditions, soil pores spaces will contain ____% air and _____% water based on total volume of soil…

25 & 25

Adding large amounts of UNDECOMPOSED organic material temporarily _ a soils water holding capacity.

Reduces

Surface layer of soil…

Is most fertile and contains the greatest concentration of plant roots

Physical properties of soil are affected by…

Climatic factors, vegetation, topography (all of the above)

The color of soil is NOT determined by…

Soil texture

Loam

A textual class of soil that has moderate amounts of sand, silt, and clay.

The soil that has the lowest water holding capacity, allowing water to enter at a fast rate and move freely is….

Sand

Water, air, and plant roots most freely move through subsoils that have…

A blocky structure

A ____ soil color indicates imperfection in drainage

Grey

Soil erosion is worsened by…

Reducing vegetative cover

Organic matter content depends on

Temperature, drainage, and vegetation

Because of the presence of organic matter, soil contains more _ than the surrounding air

Carbon dioxide

The essential elements that are from air and water do NOT include…

Nitrogen

The optimum soil pH for bedding plants is… 5.5-6.5

Plants that prefer acidic soils develop when the pH is too high.

Iron chlorosis

are chemical compounds that hold metal ions in solution so that plants can absorb them

Chelates

A soil test does NOT provide information on…

Available nitrogen

If calcium is low but a pH change is undesirable, use….

Gypsum

is the nutrient that most frequently limits plant growth, yet is very difficult to manage in the soil.

Nitrogen

The three numbers on a bag of fertilizer represent…

Percent nitrogen, phosphate, and potash

A _ is added to bulk up fertilizers and lower the analysis for even more application

Filler

An example of an incomplete fertilizer is…

34-0-0

Slow release fertilizers are available as …..

Materials that dissolve slowly, materials that require microorganisms to release nitrogen, and granular materials with membranes made of resin or sulfur

A disadvantage to conventional fertilizers is…

Nitrogen leaches readily

And organic fertilizer that could potentially burn plants is…

Fish emulsion

The two commonly available forms of sewer sludge are and ___ .

Activated and composted

Because of leaching, the amount of fertilizer to be applied depends on the percentage of….

Nitrogen

Because fertilizers are , they can potentially burn plants by drawing water out of root cells.

Salts

In order to prevent the build up of soluble salts, potted plants should be ____ every 4-6 months.

Leached

In general, phosphorous is used for…

Root and fruit production

A nitrogen application will have its greatest effect for…

3-4 weeks after application

_ fertilizer application is used over large garden areas or when labor is limited.

Broadcast

Foliar feeding of nutrients should NOT be done….

As a substitute for soil nutrition during a critical growth period.

In order to preserve soil structure, never till…

When soil is wet

Good ingredients to use in composting are…

Crushed egg shells, kitchen vegetable refuse, and coffee grinds. NOT meat wastes

If a compost pile smells like ammonia, it means that the pile….

Needs to be turned

_ are planted in the garden in fall and incorporated into the soil in spring

Cover crops