MCDB 310 Macro Molecules

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25 Terms

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Methyl

  • C and H only

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Ethyl

  • C and H only

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Phenyl

  • C and H only

  • Aromatic

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Carbonyl

  • aldehyde

  • oxygen containing (note titratable groups)

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Carbonyl

  • ketone

  • oxygen containing groups (note titratable groups)

  • participates in Keto-Enol tautomerization

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Keto-Enol Tautomerization

A chemical equilibrium between a keto form (a ketone or an aldehyde) and an enol in organic chemistry (alcohol). Tautomers are claimed to exist between the keto and enol forms

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Hydroxyl

  • alcohol

  • oxygen containing groups (note titratable groups)

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Enol

  • participates in keto enol tautomerization

  • oxygen containing groups (note titratable groups)

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Ether

  • oxygen containing groups (note titratable groups)

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Ester

  • oxygen containing groups (note titratable groups)

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Acetyl

  • oxygen containing groups (note titratable groups)

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Anhydride

  • 2 carboxylic acids

  • very high energy

  • oxygen containing groups (note titratable groups)

  • unfavorable to form; favorable to break

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Amino

  • protonated

  • nitrogen containing groups (note titratable positions and unpaired electrons)

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Amido

  • nitrogen containing groups (note titratable positions and unpaired electrons)

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Imine

  • nitrogen containing groups (note titratable positions and unpaired electrons)

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N-Substituted imine

  • Schiff base

  • nitrogen containing groups (note titratable positions and unpaired electrons)

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Guanidinium

  • nitrogen containing groups (note titratable positions and unpaired electrons)

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Imidazole

  • nitrogen containing groups (note titratable positions and unpaired electrons)

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Sulfhydryl

  • Reduced

  • Sulfhydryls and disulfide can interchange in reversible reaction

  • Condensation of sulfhydryl and carboxylate forms a thioester (NOT an oxygen ester)

<p>Sulfhydryl</p><ul><li><p>Reduced</p></li><li><p>Sulfhydryls and disulfide can interchange in reversible reaction </p></li><li><p>Condensation of sulfhydryl and carboxylate forms a thioester (NOT an oxygen ester)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Disulfide

  • oxidized

  • Sulfhydryls and disulfide can interchange in reversible reaction

  • Condensation of sulfhydryl and carboxylate forms a thioester (NOT an oxygen ester)

<p>Disulfide</p><ul><li><p>oxidized</p></li><li><p>Sulfhydryls and disulfide can interchange in reversible reaction </p></li><li><p>Condensation of sulfhydryl and carboxylate forms a thioester (NOT an oxygen ester)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Thioester

  • condensation of sulfhydryl and carboxylate forms a thioester

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Phosphoryl

  • phosphoryl is NOT phosphate

  • note multiple titratable positions on phosphoryl group

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Phosphoanhydride

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Mixed anhydride

  • carboxylic acid and phosphoric acid

  • also called acyl phosphate

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How many functional groups to biological molecules typically have?

several