Aqueous Ions

reactions of metal ions in aqueous solution

Vanadium (V) species in acidic solution and colour of solution when ammonium vanadate (NH4VO3) is reduced by zinc in acidic conditions

[VO2(H2O)4]+ yellow

Vanadium (IV) species in acidic solution and colour of solution

[VO2(H2O)5]2+ blue

Vanadium (III) species in acidic solution and colour of solution

[V(H2O)6]3+ green

Vanadium (II) species in acidic solution and colour of solution

[V(H2O)6]2+ purple

Iron (II) aqueous iron formula and colour

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ green solution

Copper (II) aqueous iron formula and colour

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ blue solution

Iron (III) aqueous iron formula and colour

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ purple/yellow solution

Aluminium (III) aqueous iron formula and colour. NOT transition metal

[Al(H2O)6]3+ colourless solution

Iron (II) aqua ion + OH-/excess OH- (NaOH aq) equation(s) and reaction

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- -> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H2O green solution to green precipitate (green precipitate goes brown upon standing in air). does not change upon addition of excess OH- (no visible change)

Copper (II) aqua ion + OH-/excess OH- (NaOH aq) equation(s) and reaction

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- -> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H2O blue solution to blue precipitate. does not change upon addition of excess OH- (no visible change)

Iron (III) aqua ion + OH-/excess OH- (NaOH aq) equation(s) and reaction

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- -> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O orange solution to brown precipitate. does not change upon addition of excess OH- (no visible change)

Aluminium (III) aqua ion + OH-/excess OH- (NaOH aq) equation(s) and reaction

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- -> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O colourless solution to white precipitate. upon excess addition of OH-, [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + OH- -> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- + H2O. has no visible change upon addition of excess

Iron (II) aqua ion + NH3/excess NH3(aq) equation(s) and reaction

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 -> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+ green solution to green precipitate (green precipitate goes brown upon standing in air). upon addition of excess NH3 no further reaction (no visible change)

Copper (II) aqua ion + NH3/excess NH3(aq) equation(s) and reaction

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 -> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+ blue solution to blue precipitate upon addition of excess NH3, [Cu(H2)4(OH)2] + 4NH3 -> [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ + 2H2O + 2OH- blue precipitate to deep blue solution

Iron (III) aqua ion + NH3/excess NH3(aq) equation(s) and reaction

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 -> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+ orange solution to brown precipitate. upon addition of excess NH3, no further reaction (no visible change)

Aluminium (III) aqua ion + NH3/excess NH3(aq) equation(s) and reaction

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 -> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+ colourless solution to white precipitate. upon addition of excess NH3, no further reaction (no visible change)

Iron (II) aqua ion + CO3 2- (Na2CO3 (aq)) and colour change

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + CO3 2- -> FeCO3 + 6H2O green solution to green precipitate

Copper (II) aqua ion + CO3 2- (Na2CO3 (aq)) and colour change

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + CO3 2- -> CuCO3 + 6H2O blue solution to blue-green precipitate

Iron (III) aqua ion + CO3 2- (Na2CO3 (aq)) and colour change

2[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- -> 2[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O + 3CO2 orange solution to brown precipitate and gentle bubbles

Aluminium (III) aqua ion + CO3 2- (Na2CO3 (aq)) and colour change

2[Al(H2O)6]3+ 3CO3 2- -> 2[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O + 3CO2 colourless solution to white precipitate and gentle bubbles

Iron (II) hydroxide formula

[Fe(H2O)4(OH)2]

Copper (II) hydroxide formula

[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2]

Iron (III) hydroxide formula

[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3]

Aluminium (III) hydroxide formula

[Al(H2O)3(OH)3]

Iron (II) hydroxide + excess acid equation and colour change

[Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H+ -> [Fe(H2O)6]2+ green precipitate to green solution

Copper (II) hydroxide + excess acid equation and colour change

[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H+ -> [CU(H2O)6]2+ blue precipitate to blue solution

Iron (III) hydroxide + excess acid equation and colour change

[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H+ -> [Fe(H2O)6]3+ brown precipitate to purple solution

Aluminium (III) hydroxide + excess acid equation and colour change

[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H+ -> [Al(H2O)6]3+ white precipitate to colourless solution

Iron (II) hydroxide + excess alkali equation and colour change

no reaction, no visible change

Copper (II) hydroxide + excess alkali equation and colour change

no reaction, no visible change

Iron (III) hydroxide + excess acid equation and colour change

no reaction, no visible change

Aluminium (III) hydroxide + excess alkali equation and colour change

[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + OH- -> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- white precipitate to colourless solution

Iron (II) aqua ion + excess Cl- equation and colour change

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- -> [FeCl4)2- + 6H2O green solution to yellow solution

Copper (II) aqua ion + excess Cl- equation and colour change

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- -> [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O blue solution to yellow solution

Iron (III) aqua ion + excess Cl- equation and colour change

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 4Cl- -> [FeCl4]- + 6H2O orange solution to yellow solution

Aluminium (III) aqua ion + excess Cl- equation and colour change

[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 4Cl- -> [AlCl4]- + 6H2O colourless solution to colourless solution