Companion Animal Science Exam 3

What are the 3 orders of birds?

Psittaciformes, Passeriformes, & Columbiformes

Examples of Psittaciformes

Parrots, Cockatoo, Rainbow Lori

Examples of Passeriformes

Ravens, Crows, Jays, Magpies

Examples of Columbiformes

Dove & quail

Which order of birds are most often kept as pets?

Psittaciforms; typically they are the longest living and viewed as smarter

What are the best type of cages?

No cage is truly big enough… aviaries are the best.

What are the specifications for a birds cage?

Should be kept at human head height, bird should be able to stretch wings while perched and not touch the the sides or floor, have bars or meshwork on only one side

Common nutrition concern with birds:

Chronic malnutrition is common in pet birds & is reportedly 1 of the main causes of their death

Common diseases for birds:

Bacterial infections from contaminated water bowl

Polyoma virus

Chlamydiosis (parrot fever)

Aspergillosis

What are good and bad toys for birds?

Good toys include chains, bells, keys, hardwood blocks, egg crates, etc.

Be careful of plastic toys

What is a bird of prey?

A group of birds that hunt and feed on animals like rodents, reptiles, and other birds

How long ago did the sport of falconry start?

12000-15000

What licenses do you need to own a bird of prey?

Federal and State license

Explain why it can be problematic to leave the same toy in a birds cage for long periods of time.

Birds need their toys to be rotated so that they don't get too attached to them. Some birds, such as budgerigars, can become sexually bonded to their toys. Because some birds mate for life, this can pose a serious problem.

Birds may only bond with one member of the household and become jealous.

True

Why should you NOT feed birds ad lib?

Obesity is a common illness in birds

Why are birds categorized as intelligent?

Birds can have the mental abilities of a 3-4 yr old child.

What are the three head types in dogs?

doliocephalic, mesaticephalic, and brachycephalic

What is the visual field for doliocephalic?

270

What is the visual field for mesaticephalic?

235

What is the visual field for brachycephalic?

200

What is the issue with brachycephalic head types?

They are an example of chondrodystrophy: genetic defects in the proper growth of the cartilaginous models for bones

How many parts is the skeleton divided into?

Two; Axial & Appendicular

What is the axial skeleton?

Bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, ribcage, and sternum of an animal

What else can chondrodystrophy cause?

Long body with short legs (ex. dachshund)

Name one example of brachycephalic breed

English Bulldog

Why do some breeds vary in the number of bones in the caudal region naturally?

Some breeds only have as few as 3 caudal bones because they lack a tail. (Ex. Pembroke Welsh Corgi)

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Bones of the limbs and pelvic girdle

What are the two main regions of the appendicular skeleton?

Thoracic & Pelvic limbs

What is the function of the skull?

Houses and protects the special senses; responsible for primary mastication of food; suspends tongue and larynx

What is the function of the vertebral column?

Protect the spinal cord and support the skull

What is the function of the ribcage?

It assists with ventilation and serves to protect main organs

What breeds are intervertebral disc disorders common in?

Cocker spaniels, dachshunds, and bassets

What is the name of the region affected by hip dysplasia in certain dog breeds

Pelvic girdle (hip bone)

How is the declawing discussion pertinent?

Declawing is not just about taking off a nail but the bone. Cats with out their claws tend to be slower and are more at risk of death if the come in contact with other cats

Why do cats have so many less problems with disorders than dogs?

Less inbreeding/breeding problems

What is the function of the tendons?

Connect muscle to bone

What is the function of ligaments?

Connect bone to bone

Describe the coverings & linings of the body that conduct protection

Skin, scales, claws; Protects underlying tissues & protects from bacteria

Describe the coverings & linings of the body that conduct chemical exchange

lining of the digestive tract, lungs, kidneys, & thermoregulation

Describe the coverings & linings of the body that conduct secretions

Endocrine & exocrine glands (mucus, enzymes, & pheremones)

Describe the coverings & linings of the body that conduct support

Exoskeleton, wings of bats, birds, etc.

Describe the coverings & linings of the body that conduct storage

excess food, pigment deposits

Describe the coverings & linings of the body that conduct sensory

Eye, parts of the ear

What is peculiar about the hearing of cats?

They can hear in the ultrasonic range (much higher than humans and dogs)

What is interesting about the senses of dogs?

Thought to hear about 4 times as far away as humans & they are though to be able to smell 1 million times better than humans

What is the definition of obese?

20-25% over normal body weight; however health concerns are observed in dogs 10-15% over optimal weight for the breed

Why is obesity a major problem for dogs?

Up to 55% of the population is obese

What are body condition scores?

A method for determining the relative fatness of an animal

Dogs are omnivores

True

Cats are omnivores

False; they are carnivores

How should lactating dogs be fed?

Food ad lib

How should a diet be altered for geriatric dogs

Increased vitamins & minerals; Decreased protein

How should a sprinting dogs be fed?

Low fiber, highly concentrated energy and protein diet

How should middle distance running dogs be fed?

Normal maintenance diet; feed to proper condition

How should long distance running dogs be fed?

training diet (40% fat, 49% protein), racing diet (50-65% fat, 30-35% protein, 10-15% carbs); these animals will eat up to 8x their normal intake during active period

How should intermittent working dogs be fed?

Nothing special, keep in healthy condition

What is the diet necessary for a Bedlington terrier?

low copper, high zinc

What is special about a Giant Schnauzer regarding nutrition?

susceptible to vitamin B12 deficiencies

Why does the diet of an Alaskan malamute require high zinc?

They are subject to skin diseases due to zinc deficiencies

Are some dog breeds more susceptible to obesity than others?

Yes; Some breeds include the Labrador Retriever, Dachshund, Poodle, Cocker Spaniel, Beagle, Golden Retriever, Sheltie, Basset Hound, and Schnauzer

What techniques can you implement to reduce obesity?

High fiber diet

Reduce calories by up to 40% slowly

Stop table scraps and treats

Exercise

What is the owner effect?

The idea that human lifestyles can and will affect their pet’s lifestyles, habits, diets, etc.

What is special about Dalmatians regarding nutrition?

They produce uric acid instead of urea, causing them to require more water

Obesity is a very common concern in cats (more than dogs)

True

What is the ideal body condition score?

5 (4 is also considered for dogs)

What are some nutrients that cats require that dogs do not?

Arginine, taurine, arachidonic acid, Vitamin A, niacin, etc.

Cats need more protein and less carbohydrates than dogs

True

For cats, is dry or wet food better?

dry food (generally)

Why should you not feed cats milk?

They are lactose intolerant

What percentage of a cats weekly diet should be anything other than cat food?

less than 10%

Where did Dr. Crozier attend veterinary school?

NC State CVM

Where does Dr. Crozier currently work?

Animal Hospital of Lewisville

What was found in Winston's (5 yr old goldendoodle) stomach according to Dr. Crozier's lecture?

100s of hair ties & a zipper

What was found in Milo's (1.5 yr old Chihuahua) stomach according to Dr. Crozier's lecture?

Ball of snoopy hat from Christmas ornament

What does BAR stand for according to Dr. Colleen Crozier in the guest lecture?

Bright, Alert, Responsive

What 3 qualities are looked for in the K9 selection process?

Prey and Defense drive, and Scent differentiation

Breed is NOT a big deciding factor in the k9 selection process

False

What are three jobs K9s perform?

Searching, Drug work, and Bite work

What is scent differentiation?

The ability to distinguish between different odors

What occurs after a working k9 retires?

They go to live with their handler

What is the name of the president of Alley Cats & Angels

Marie Brewer

What are lifers in reference to alley cats and angels?

Cats that will come into care that are unable to placed into homes due to behavioral and/or medical issues

What does TNVR stand for?

Trap, Neuter, Vaccinate, Return

What ear is cropped on the west coast for TNVR?

The right ear

What ear is cropped on the east coast for TNVR

the left ear

What are some volunteer opportunities available for alley cats and angels?

Photographers, Graphic designers, adoption event workers, foster parents, etc.

Examples of a fundraising event that alley cats and angels hosts

Annual silent auction, catnip toys, calendars, paint your pet programs, and dine out nights

What is a chromosome?

Structure in every cell nucleus that contains DNA & RNA

What is a gene?

The basic unit of inheritance (code for the development of all organisms)

What is significant about genes at the same locus?

They often affect the same trait (hair length or color, etc.)

What are alleles?

Multiple ways to affect a trait (usually expressed by letters ex. B, b, etc.)

What are the common examples for genetic calculations?

Complete and incomplete dominance

What is lethal white coloring?

Coloring that is indicative of possible health issues

Definition of Complete Dominance

Only 2 outcomes

Definition of Incomplete dominance

At least three outcomes (ex. merle coats in dogs)

Why is crossing over & gene linkage significant?

leads to spontaneous mutations that confuse breeding practices

What is Sex linkage?

Traits that are carried on the X chromosome

What is polygenic inheritance?

some traits are influenced by more than one gene (ex. hair length & hip dysplasia)

What are 3 types of genotypic breeding?

Inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing