Chapter 22: Male and Female Reproductive Systems

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts from Chapter 22 regarding male and female reproductive systems, meiosis, hormonal control, and associated processes.

Meiosis

A specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating haploid cells.

Sperm

The male gamete produced in the testes.

Ova

The female gametes produced in the ovaries.

Diploid

A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes.

Haploid

A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes.

Synapsis

The pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

Crossover

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Interstitial cells

Cells in the testes that produce and secrete male hormones, primarily testosterone.

Corpus luteum

The hormone-secreting structure that develops from an ovarian follicle after ovulation.

Oogenesis

The process of maturation of an oocyte in females.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A hormone that stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles.

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A hormone that triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum.

Acrosome

A cap-like structure on the head of a sperm that contains enzymes necessary for fertilization.

Prostate gland

A gland that surrounds the urethra in males and secretes a fluid that nourishes and helps transport sperm.

Spermatogenesis

The process of sperm cell development.

Menstrual cycle

Regular recurring changes in the uterine lining and ovarian function that occur over approximately a month.

Vasectomy

A surgical procedure that cuts and ties the vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering the ejaculate.

Luteal phase

The phase of the menstrual cycle after ovulation during which the corpus luteum forms.

Menopause

The cessation of menstrual cycles, typically occurring in the late 40s to early 50s.

STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Infections that can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, often asymptomatic.

Semen

The fluid containing sperm and secretions from the male reproductive glands.