Fall 2025 NUTR 280 Lecture: Fat-Soluble Vitamins Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to fat-soluble vitamins discussed in the lecture notes, focusing on their types, functions, sources, and health implications.

What are the two main forms of vitamin A?

Retinoids (active form) and carotenoids (precursor form).

What is the most potent precursor of vitamin A?

Beta-carotene.

Where is vitamin A primarily stored in the body?

In the liver.

What role does vitamin A play in gene expression?

It regulates genes involved in the synthesis of proteins.

How does vitamin A deficiency affect epithelial cells?

It hinders the growth and differentiation of epithelial cells.

What are rods and cones essential for in vision?

Rods help with seeing in dim light; cones are responsible for color vision.

What condition is associated with vitamin A deficiency that affects vision?

Night blindness.

What is the primary function of vitamin D?

Regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels in the bones and teeth.

How is vitamin D synthesized in the body?

Through ultraviolet light exposure on cholesterol in the skin, creating a vitamin D precursor.

What can inadequate vitamin D levels lead to in children?

Rickets.

What are some dietary sources of vitamin D?

Liver, egg yolks, and oily fish; also found in fortified products.

What is the role of vitamin E in the body?

It acts as an antioxidant, protecting against oxidative damage.

What is the RDA for vitamin E?

15 mg/day.

Why are premature infants at risk for vitamin E deficiency?

They are born before receiving sufficient vitamin E through the placenta.

What is carotenemia?

Yellowing of the skin due to excessive intake of beta-carotene.