Heritage Exam 2

By the time the Middle Ages ended, Christianity was already becoming a global faith.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Check all CORRECT statements

a. The Gutenberg Printing Press was a major technological advancement, which was crucial for the Reformation

b. In the Italian Renaissance, a revival of the study of the Greek language became possible partially because there was an exodus of Greek-speaking intellectuals westward after the fall of Constantinople.

c. Erasmus of Rotterdam was a humanist who became an avid defendant of Protestantism after his conversion in the Augsburg Revival.

d. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, there was significant development in art and music.

a, d

Pope Alexander VI, who favored _______ decreed that any newly discovered lands after ________ should be under Spanish jurisdiction. Portugal, however, rejected this decision. Subsequent negotiations between Spain and Portugal resulted in the ________ (1494) which assigned specific regions of these uncharted and unexplored territories to each country.

Spain, 1492, Treaty of Tordesillas

Match the historical figures with their role, definition, or impact.

a. Christopher Columbus

b. Vasco da Gama

c. Pedro Álvares Cabral

d. Francis Xavier

1. Aimed to circumnavigate the globe in search of a quicker route to India. Ultimately, he stumbled upon the Americas, paving the way for Spanish colonization and the economic exploitation of this expansive region, subsequently dubbed the "New World."

2. Made landfall and established the colony of ("discovered")Brazil.

3. Facilitated trade connections with the eastern coast of Africa, extending further across the Indian Ocean to

India. Alongside paving the way for a lucrative spice trade route, his expeditions resulted in Portugal's establishment of Mozambique as a strategic base for voyages to

India.

4. Reached Goa on India's western coast, which had already become a

prominent Portuguese trading hub in Asia. Over the ensuing decade, he launched a range of missionary endeavors in the area, encompassing numerous missions in India and various other Asian regions.

a - 2

b - 3

c - 4

d - 1

It is possible to study appropriately the development of the Christian heritage without paying attention to the centrality of economic, political, social, and cultural developments in specific contexts.

a. true

b. false

b. false

The Northern European Reformation was predominantly based largely in cities such as Lyons, Orléans, Paris, Poitiers, Rouen, Zurich, Bern, Basel, Augsburg, Erfurt, Frankfurt, Geneva, and Hamburg.

a. true

b. false

a. true

Check all CORRECT statements about Erasmus of Rotterdam

a. Viewed native languages as a hindrance to his dream of a cosmopolitan Europe

unified through the use of the Latin language.

b. Regarded laymen and women as the most important resource that the church possessed.

c. For Erasmus, Scripture should and must be made available to everyone.

d. Produced an edition of the Greek text of the New Testament

e. He suggested that reading of Scripture transforms its readers and gives them motivation to love God and their neighbors.

a, b, c, d, e

The Italian Renaissance can be summarized in the Latin slogan __________, which means "back to the fountainhead" (or "back to the sources").

ad fontes

According to John Calvin, what were the two essential elements of the Church?

a. preaching the word of God and the administration of sacraments

b. evangelical missions and a vow of poverty

c. baptism and the Eucharist

d. healing the sick and taking tithes

a. preaching the word of God and the administration of sacraments

What book is considered John Calvin's greatest achievement?

a. On the Incarnation

b. The City of God

c. The Didache

d. The Institutes of the Christian Religion

d. The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Which one of the following is one of the following statements is included in Zwingli's 67 articles?

a. "The Pope has no power to remit any penalties, except those which he has imposed

b. "The King's Majesty justly and rightfully is and ought to be the Supreme Head

of the Church."

c. "We, moreover, pronounce that it is altogether necessary to salvation for every

human being to be subject to the Roman pontiff."

d. "Christ is the only eternal high priest...those who have called themselves high

priests have opposed the honor and power Christ."

d. "Christ is the only eternal high priest...those who have called themselves high

priests have opposed the honor and power Christ."

According to Martin Luther, the only valid sacraments of the church are?

a. Baptism and the Eucharist

b. Baptism and Ordination

c. the Eucharist and Extreme Unction

d. Marriage and Penance

a. Baptism and the Eucharist

Which of the following was NOT a major theme of the Protestant Reformation?

a. Justification by Faith Alone

b. Rejection of Papal Authority

c. The Cult of the Saints

d. The Centrality of the Bible

c. The Cult of the Saints

Which is of the following is an important contribution Luther makes to the Protestant Reformation?

a. The doctrine of Two Kingdoms

b. The priesthood of all believers

c. Translation of the Bible into the vernacular

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What was the Marburg Colloquy?

a. A conversation between Lord Marbury and King Henry on the question of marriage in the church of England

b. A meeting to end the east coast/west coast rap battle between Tupac and Biggie

c. A meeting between Luther and Zwingli on points of theological disagreement

for the purpose of uniting Protestant States.

d. A council of bishops meeting to decide the nature of Jesus and his relationship to God and the Holy Spirit

c. A meeting between Luther and Zwingli on points of theological disagreement

for the purpose of uniting Protestant States.

What was the point of theological difference that Luther and Zwingli were unable to agree on?

a. The sacraments of the Protestant church

b. The centrality of the Bible

c. The authority of the pope

d. The nature Jesus' real presence in the Eucharist

d. The nature Jesus' real presence in the Eucharist

Luther's doctrine of "Two Kingdoms" meant that God's worldly government is affected through kings, princes, and magistrates.

a. True b. False

a. True

Zwingli's reform of the church was based on the writings of biblical humanists like

Erasmus.

a. True b. Falsec

a. True

Luther's doctrine of "Two Kingdoms" led him to support the people in the Peasant's War against German princes.

a. True b. False

b. False

Which of the following describes Zwingli's emphasis in the interpretation of the Bible?

a. the Bible contains commands of God with an emphasis on ethical living and

obedience

b. the Bible must be interpreted alongside of church tradition

c. the Bible contains the promises of God with an emphasis on salvation

d. the Bible should be interpreted allegorically

a. the Bible contains commands of God with an emphasis on ethical living and

obedience

Martin Luther rejected the use of images in Christian worship.

a. True b. False

b. False

Which of the following characterizes Zwingli's approach to the Reformation?

a. A strong focus on institutional and moral reform based on the Sermon of the Mount.

b. A distinctive emphasis on God's sovereignty in a coherent theological system.

c. The pope should be the only official adjudicator of biblical interpretation and

religious rules.

d. He copied Luther's approach to the Reformation

a. A strong focus on institutional and moral reform based on the Sermon of the Mount.

What was Henry VIII's motivation for English Reformation?

a. Political i.e., securing the line of succession

b. Religious i.e., read the Bible and found no support for papal authority

c. Social i.e., church services need to be in the language of the people not Latin

d. He had no reason he just did not like going to Mass

a. Political i.e., securing the line of succession

What issue led the Anabaptists to break with the magisterial Reformation of Luther & Zwingli?

a. Clergy Marriage

b. Latin mass

c. Infant Baptism

d. Papal authority

c. Infant Baptism

Which is one of the ways the Reformation changed the roles of women in the church?

a. The removal of Marian iconography from the devotional life of churches and

individuals.

b. The expansion of religious orders

c. The de-emphasis of marriage and family life

d. The promotion of female martyrdom

a. The removal of Marian iconography from the devotional life of churches and

individuals.

Which one of the following was a Protestant criticism of Catholic teaching?

a. The Vulgate version of the Bible is unreliable.

b. The assertion that the Bible could be understood by any pious person

c. The recognition of only two sacraments

d. All of these

d. All of these

The Catholic Reformation affirmed that the Bible could not be considered the only source of revelation.

a. true b. false

a. true

Ignatius of Loyola formed which new religious order

a. The Society of Jesus

b. The Carmelites

c. The Benedictines

d. The Augustinians

a. The Society of Jesus

The German and English Reformation arose out of similar theological concerns with the Catholic Church.

a. True

b. False

b. False

What was the Schleitheim Confession?

a. The articles of separation for Anabaptists

b. The agreement Zwingli and Luther signed on infant baptism

c. A chapter in John Calvin's Institutes of Religion

d. A statement affirming the use of St. James Bible in the Church of England

a. The articles of separation for Anabaptists

What was the Second Reformation?

a. The reform movement lead by the Anabaptists

b. The process of establishing territorial religions based on state authorized

church doctrine

c. The reform of the Catholic Church through the Council of Trent

d. The reform movement led by Puritans

b. The process of establishing territorial religions based on state authorized

church doctrine

What was the origin of the King James Bible?

a. Queen Elizabeth's rejection of the Latin Vulgate Bible

b. James I's desire to secure religious peace in England

c. The Anabaptists' desire to have a literal translation in the original languages of

Christ and the apostles

d. The desire to put the new printing press to good use

b. James I's desire to secure religious peace in England

The Reformation was a single movement of unanimous theological dissent from the Catholic Church

a. True b. False

b. False

Which one of the following was NOT one of Luther's two objection to the sale of indulgences?

a. They are financially exploitative

b. The Pope has no authority over purgatory

c. He was not collecting enough of them at his church

d. He thought they should be used for education for the poor.

c. He was not collecting enough of them at his church

Match the historical figures with their role, definition, or impact.

a. Martin Luther

b. Conrad Grebel

c. Henry VIII

d. Teresa of Avila

e. Huldrych Zwingli

1. Attacked Zwingli for not going far enough in his reforms of the church

Huldrych Zwingli

2. Broke from the Catholic church in order to secure his crown and have his first marriage annulled

3. An influential figure in the Catholic Reformation achieved fame as a spiritual writer.

4. Read the book of Romans and came to understand that justifying righteousness should be understood as a divine gift to humanity.

5. Known as the people's priest who actively preached against every aspect of the Catholic religion including the cult of the saints, the practice of fasting and worshipping Mary.

a - 4

b - 1

c - 2

d - 3

e - 5

Match the historical events with their impact.

a. The Muenster Rebellion

b. The Thirty Years' War

c. Wittenberg

d. The Council of Trent

e. The Radical Reformation

1. An international religious conflict which pitted Lutherans, Reformed and Catholic regions against one another and eventually led to religious toleration in Europe.

2. At the center of the reform movement where reforming principles were actualized to change both the church and society

3. Movement that interpreted the sola scriptura principle as demanding that beliefs and practices - such as the baptism of infants - which were not specifically stated or endorsed in the Bible were to be uprooted.

4. This event created widespread hostility towards Anabaptism and led to being seen as a threat to social and national security and stability.

5. Proposed a series of changes within the Catholic church over the course of three meetings to answer the challenges of Protestantism

a - 4

b - 1

c - 2

d - 5

e - 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the sacraments of the Catholic Church?

a. Marriage

b. Penance

c. Confirmation

d. Tithes & Offerings

d. Tithes & Offerings

Which of these defines the magisterial Reformation?

a. A distrust of all external authority

b. A close relationship between the church and state

c. A commitment to pacifism

d. A literal interpretation of the Bible

b. A close relationship between the church and state

Luther's doctrine of "two kingdoms" developed an alternative theory of spheres of authority based on which distinctions

a. Temporal and spiritual estates

b. Worldly and spiritual government

c. The city of God and the city of Earth

d. The city of Wittenberg and the city of Zurich

a. Temporal and spiritual estates

Which of the following best reflects The Council of Trent's belief on the doctrine of transubstantiation?

a. Rejects it in favor of a symbolic approach to the Eucharist

b. Rejects it in favor of limiting participation in the Eucharist to nuns and monks

c. Reaffirms the substance of the bread and wine as the body and blood of Christ

d. Reaffirms it, but leaves the formulation up to individual believers

c. Reaffirms the substance of the bread and wine as the body and blood of Christ

The Schleitheim Confession was written against which two groups?

a. Papists and antipapists

b. Anglicans and Baptists

c. Nuns and Monks

d. Women and children

a. Papists and antipapists

The Luther movie included instances of Martin Luther's antisemitism

a. True

b. False

b. False

Which of the following was John Tetzel's slogan for selling indulgences?

a. As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs

b. Sola Scriptura

c. More money less problems

d. Ad Fontes

a. As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs

What was the Leipzig Disputation?

a. A debate between Matin Luther and John Calvin

b. Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Crammer's granting of King Henry VIII's

divorce

c. The place Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses to the church door

d. A debate between Martin Luther and Johann Eck on issues related to the

reform of the church

d. A debate between Martin Luther and Johann Eck on issues related to the reform of the church

Which one of the following comparisons was included in the cartoon pamphlets urging Reformation?

a. Martin Luther vs. John Calvin

b. Jesus washing the disciples' feet vs. Princes Kissing the feet of the Pope

c. Menno Simmons authority from God vs. Zwingli's authority from Zurich city

leaders

d. Teresa of Avila's Inner Castle vs. St, John of the Cross' Dark Night of the Soul

b. Jesus washing the disciples' feet vs. Princes Kissing the feet of the Pope

Protestant reforms accepted the medieval distinction between the "sacred" and "secular" realms.

a. True b. False

b. False

47. German sociologist Max Weber did not believe there was a connection between Calvinism and capitalism.

a. True b. False

b. False

Which one of the following was NOT one of the works written by Luther on or before 1520?

a. 95 Theses

b. Appeal to the German Nobility

c. Against the Peasants

d. The Freedom of a Christian

c. Against the Peasants

Zwingli did not preach the assigned church lessons in Zurich instead he preached through the book of .

a. Mark

b. Matthew

c. Judges

d. Romans

b. Matthew

According to Zwingli's 67 Theses, Christ was the only way to salvation.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Zwingli wrote that _____ is our justice, from which follows _____ our in so far that they are good.

Christ, works

Zwingli argued that it was a sin for clergy not to protect themselves by marriage.

a. True b. False

a. True

Protestant reformers argued that justification was achieved by what means?

a. Reading Scripture

b. Paying indulgences

c. Faith in Christ Alone

d. Serving the Poor

c. Faith in Christ Alone

The Council of Trent accused Protestants of having which of the following regarding their salvation?

a. An ungodly confidence

b. A healthy level of confidence

c. No confidence at all

d. They did not address Protestants' views of salvation

a. An ungodly confidence

Which one of these is Zwingli's statement of belief about the sacrament of communion?

a. "It follows that the mass is not a sacrifice, but a remembrance of the sacrifice."

b. "Our souls are fed by the flesh and blood of Christ."

c. "Very truly I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Sone of Man and drink his

blood, you have no life in you."

d. "The power to decide the presence of Christ in communion belongs only to the

Roman pontiff."

a. "It follows that the mass is not a sacrifice, but a remembrance of the sacrifice."

Which of the following is NOT one of Luther's contributions during his own time?

a. Access to the Bible as a spiritual resource for personal piety via translation into the vernacular

b. New understanding of the value of lay vocations via the notion of the "priesthood of believers."

c. Educational development for clergy and laity

d. Institutional continuity is central to church tradition and guarantees theological fidelity to the Gospel

d. Institutional continuity is central to church tradition and guarantees theological fidelity to the Gospel

Huldrych Zwingli's program of reform was influenced by Erasmus.

a. True b. False

a. True

Which of the following did Martin Luther write after his excommunication from the Catholic church?

a. "Against the Peasants"

b. "95 Theses"

c. "The Marburg Colloquy"

d. "Appeal to German Nobility"

a. "Against the Peasants"

King Henry VIII supported Thomas Crammer's efforts to rewrite the Book of Common Prayer.

a. True b. False

a. True

During his 4th voyage, Columbus believed he was close to what biblical location?

a. Jerusalem

b. Eden

c. Damascus

d. Rome

b. Eden

Columbus placed crosses on strategic sites on islands he visited.

a. True b. False

a. True

Bartolomé de las Casas thought Columbus acted consistent with Christian principles in his treatment of indigenous peoples.

a. True b. False

b. False

The pope gave Catholic Monarchs the power to the newfound lands not...

a. Inhabited by indigenous peoples

b. Located near the Atlantic Ocean

c. Found by Amerigo Vespucci

d. Under the domination of any Christian lord

d. Under the domination of any Christian lord

Indigenous people in Paraguay were required by de Vaca to swear allegiance to what?

a. The Castilian crown and the Catholic Church

b. Martin Luther and the Reformation

c. Nothing

d. Henry VIII and the Church of England

a. The Castilian crown and the Catholic Church

Pope Leo XIII labeled the discovery of the unknown world near the Atlantic Ocean as the evilest deed sanctioned by the Catholic church.

a. True

b. False

b. False

Spanish conquistadors encouraged black slaves to do which of the following?

a. Get baptized

b. Get married

c. Relocate to Haiti

d. Take land from indigenous groups

b. Get married

Rivera equates which sacrament with an implied expropriation through the act of naming?

a. Marriage

b. The Eucharist

c. Baptism

d. Extreme Unction

c. Baptism

Foremost among Erasmus' humanist achievements was his printed edition of

a. Aristotle

b. Augustine

c. The Greek New Testament

d. The Hebrew Old Testament

c. The Greek New Testament

Unlike Luther, Erasmus was unwilling to break with the Catholic Church.

a. True b. False

a. True

What is the meaning of the Latin phrase Dulce bellum inexpertis?

a. "War is sweet to those who know it not"

b. "Youth breeds boldness"

c. "Faith arises from experience"

d. "Bravery lies with the wise"

a. "War is sweet to those who know it not"

In what group does Erasmus locate the ideal of human friendship?

a. The community of faith

b. Families

c. Companies of soldiers

d. The learned

d. The learned

According to Erasmus, Christ's ultimate gift to his Apostles was

a. Knowledge

b. Peace

c. Boldness

d. Friendship

b. Peace

In the "95 Theses," Luther attacked

a. Baptism

b. Marriage

c. The sale of indulgences

d. Mass

c. The sale of indulgences

Luther argued that the teaching that __________ was one of the three "walls" of the Romanists.

a. Spiritual power is over temporal power

b. Only the pope can interpret Scripture

c. Only the pope can call a council

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Luther said Christ gave the keys to

a. John

b. Peter

c. Bishops and priests

d. The whole community

d. The whole community

Luther used __________ as the primary source to support his arguments.

a. Scripture

b. Church Fathers

c. The Holy Spirit

d. Aquinas

a. Scripture

Luther said that people are justified by

a. The sacraments

b. Works

c. Faith

d. All of the above

c. Faith

What was Anne Askew arrested for before escaping?

a. Stealing

b. Distributing literature

c. Preaching

d. Possessing banned books

d. Possessing banned books

Who examined Anne Askew at Saddler's Hall?

a. Steven Dare

b. Christopher Dare

c. Paul Dare

d. Henry Dare

b. Christopher Dare

"I answered that I would not throw pearls among swine, for were good enough."

a. Rocks

b. Seeds

c. Acorns

d. Apples

c. Acorns

When asked about her views on confession, Anne Askew cites St. Paul.

a. True

b. False

a. True

"Then I (Anne Askew) asked, how many women he had seen go into the pulpit and

preach. He said he __________."

a. Never saw one

b. Saw one

c. Saw three

d. Saw many

a. Never saw one

Calvin said everything happening in the world was

a. Not governed by God

b. Happened by Chance

c. Governed by God

d. Governed by human decision

c. Governed by God

Calvin used __________ as analogous to the way Scripture clarified human notions of God.

a. Spectacles

b. Creation

c. A mirror

d. Children

a. Spectacles

Calvin argued that the spiritual promise given to Christians in __________ was the very same as that given to the Hebrew people in circumcision.

a. The Eucharist

b. The Bible

c. The Spirit

d. Baptism

d. Baptism

What was to be experienced rather than understood?

a. Baptism

b. Circumcision

c. Eucharist

d. Government

c. Eucharist

Menno's followers were known as

a. Believing Baptists

b. Mennonites

c. Simmonites

d. Radical pacifists

b. Mennonites

According to the text, which of the following is not a prerequisite for baptism?

a. Preaching of the gospel

b. Belief

c. Repentance

d. The gift of the Holy Spirit

a. Preaching of the gospel

According to Menno Simons, the Lord's Supper is intended only as a memorial of Jesus' sacrifice.

a. True

b. False

a. True

Which of the following does Simons not identify as a "weapon" of the followers of

Christ?

a. Prophetic resistance

b. Patience

c. Hope

d. God's word

a. Prophetic resistance

Who does Simons exclude from the "ban"?

a. Pastors

b. Spouses

c. Widows

d. No one is excluded from the ban

d. No one is excluded from the ban

The Council of Trent decreed this edition of the Scripture as authentic.

a. Textus Receptus

b. The Vulgate

c. Any Latin edition

d. Luther's Bible

b. The Vulgate

According to the Council of Trent, who ultimately had the responsibility of judging the true sense and interpretation of Scripture?

a. Individuals

b. Priests

c. Preachers

d. Holy Mother Church

d. Holy Mother Church

The Council of Trent anathematized anyone who said Adam's sin injured himself alone and not his

a. Friends

b. Wife

c. Posterity

d. Family

c. Posterity

Baptism was for __________, since that which infants contracted by generation could be cleansed away by regeneration.

a. A clean conscience

b. The remission of sins

c. A symbol

d. A constitution

b. The remission of sins

Baptized persons no longer struggled with concupiscence or sin.

a. True

b. False

b. False

When was Ignacio of Loyola canonized by the Roman Catholic Church?

a. 1619

b. 1620

c. 1621

d. 1622

d. 1622

According to the Sixth Rule, a person should do what?

a. Praise the relics of the saints

b. Hear mass often

c. Praise religious orders

d. Obey God

a. Praise the relics of the saints

According to the Eleventh Rule, Christians should avoid scholastic learning.

a. True

b. False

b. False

According to the Seventeenth Rule, Christians "ought not to speak so much with insistence on __________ that __________ be poisoned."

a. free will; minds

b. grace; free will

c. grace; minds

d. free will; grace

b. grace; free will