matter and energy test

what is matter?

Anything that has mass, and volume and takes up space

what are the 4 states of matter?

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

properties of solid

Definite shape and volume

properties of liquid

definite volume, indefinite shape

properties of gas

indefinite shape and indefinite volume

properties of plasma

a high-temperature physical state in which atoms lose most electrons

what is an element?

A pure substance that cannot be broken down and is one type of atom

what is a compound?

a substance that can be broken down and contains two or more elements

what is a physical property?

observed with senses, determined without destroying matter

types of physical properties

extensive and intensive

extensive

Depend on the amount of matter present

ex. mass, volume, length

intensive

Doesn't depend on the amount of matter present ex. density, melting point, boiling point, texture, color

what is a physical change?

a change in size, shape or state of matter; no new substance is formed

ex. dissolving, evaporation, cutting, boiling

what are chemical properties?

Relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform into a different substance

Ex. reactivity, combustion, flammable

what are chemical changes?

happens when one chemical substance is transformed into one or more different substances

ex. Burning, rusting, cooking, reactivity

what are chemical changes also called?

chemical reactions

what are the steps of a chemical change?

reactants and products

what is the law of conservation of mass

matter cannot be created or destroyed

What is a pure substance?

can be an element or a compound; Same chemical makeup despite size; exactly the same chemical and physical properties

ex. compounds and elements

what is a mixture?

contain more than one substance or element

ex. carbon dioxide

types of mixtures

homogeneous and heterogeneous

homogeneous

uniform composition ex. air, sugar, water (solution)

heterogeneous

nonuniform composition ex. Granite, wood, blood

what is specific heat

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

formula for cal to joules

1 cal = 4.184 joules