Cell Bio Ch1

4 things all cells need to be considered a cell

DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Characteristics of living cells

DNA, display homeostasis, capable of reproduction, highly complex and organized, evolve, carry out many chem rxns, acquire and utilize energy, respond to stimuli, show adaptation to environment

Homeostasis

maintaining set points

Differences in cells

size, shape, function, structure, composition, metabolism (catabolism or anabolism), single cell vs multicellular

Cell Evolution

one ancestor split into 3 lineages (domains)

Protocell

RNA, ribozymes, lipid vesicle

DNA evolved from

RNA

Prokaryotes/Bacteria may have evolved

3.5 billion years ago

Eukaryotes may have evolved from prokaryotes

1.4 billion years ago

3 Domains

bacteria, archaea, eukarya (broadest organization - what type of cell are you?)

There are significant differences between

bacteria and archaea domains even though they are both prokaryotes

Archaea live in

very hostile environments (most likely first type of cells)

Bacteria

interact with us (what type of infection do you have?)

Phylogenetic Tree

shows how things evolve

Genome

entire collection of an organism’s genetic information

Plasticity

moldable / changeable

Resolution

being able to see 2 different things as 2 separate things

Robert Hooke

discovered “cells” with cork

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

expansion but created a bad version of the microscope

Fathers of Cell Theory

Matthaias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

Cell Theory

all organisms composed of 1 or more cells, the cell is the structural unit of life, cells only arise from pre-existing cells

HeLa Cells

cultured tumor cells isolated from a cancer patient (Henrietta Lacks) and was studied to treat certain diseases

Light microscope has a total magnification of

1,000

Confocal Microscope

lasers are used, focuses on 1 plane

Prokaryotes store information in

the nucleoid

Bacteria Domain

all prokaryotic, mostly single celled, most have a peptidoglycan (protein + sugar) cell wall, can survive in many environments, most aren’t harmful and are decomposers, cyanobacteria produce O2 (more than plants) as a result of photosynthesis