quiz 3 68 e x2

palpation

palpation is the use of the sense of touch through tissue manipulation or pressure on an area with the finger of one had or both

palpation techniques

bimanual

simultaneous use of the fingers from both hands in one area

temporomandibular joint (palpate)

place fingers on both sides of the head at the tmj. Locate the joint when patient opens his or her mouth. The fingertips should drop into the joint space. Ask the patient to open and close several times ; slowly palpate during the function.

vermilion zone

highly vascularized epithelium between the vermilion border and moist oral mucosa of the lip (portion of ip where lip stick is applied)

vermilion border

transition between lip and skin (where lip liner is applied )

commissure

junction of the upper and lower lips at either side of the mouth

philturm

vertical depression between the lip and nose

tongue examination

palpate tongue using bi-digital technique feeling for indurated areas

coated tongue

indicates poor oral hygiene or that the patient is on medication

ankyloglossia (tongue tied)

lingual frenum attached too far forward toward tip of the tongue causing limited movement and impaired speech

geographic tongue

benign migratory glossitis

lingual frenum

attaches to the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

salivary glands / ducts

submandibular - submandibular duct

sublingual(smallest salivary gland)- sublingual duct

parotid- parotid duct

salivary caruncles

openings of submandibular and sublingual ducts found on either side of the lingual frenum

hard palate

incisive (nasopalatine papilla)

elevation of soft tissue found behind the upper central incisors

covers incisive papilla canal. (this is a common sitr of tissue trauma from hot foods / drinks and will often appear to be inflamed

uvula

cone shaped mass of tissue that hangs from the midline of the posterior section of soft palate

palatine tonsils

bilateral masses of lymphatic tissue found on the walls of the soft palate and descending into the throat

allergic reaction

signs and symptoms

red skin rash, hives (raised lesions) urticarial (itching),and some cases laryngeal edema with difficulty swallowing, bronchial constriction resulting in wheezing and dyspnea

myocardial infraction (heart attack)

signs and symptoms

similar to angina pectoris bur does not resolve with nitroglycerin use . Heavy, squeezing pressure or tightness in the mid-chest area and pain may radiate to the left or right arm, neck, or mandible. Patient may have pallor, anxiety , fear, or faintness

cardiac arrest

signs and symptoms

unconscious and responsive patient, no respirations, no pulse, no heart sounds, eyes are fixed with pupils dilated and no constriction of eyes with light

stroke

sign and and symptoms

temporary/complete paresthesia/weakness on one side of the body, premonitory dizziness/vertigo and transient speech defects with breathing labored

epilepsy

treatment response

stop dental treatment. Activate ems and refer to your bls training. Lower the chair as close as possible to the floor with patient supine and push away bracket cart/tray. Do not force anything in between patients teeth. Allow patient to sleep during post-convulsive stage. DO NOT dismiss patient if unaccompanied

syncope (fainting)

signs and symptoms

transient loss of consciousness related to a drop in BP when sitting up too fast after a long procedure. Face may appear pale gray. Patient might feel anxious , weak or light headed

hyperventilation syndrome

signs and symptoms

over-breathing to fast (25-30 breaths per min)

light headedness, dizziness, anxiety, giuddiness, and tingling or numbness in the extremities

insulin shock

occurs when patient has too much insulin (hyperinsulinism) in the body, lowering levels of blood and glucose(hypoglycemia). Emergency more likely to occur in dentals etting

insulin shock

signs and symptoms

confused, nervous, and anxious with moist cold pale skin

chemical solution in the eye

treatment response

while keeping eyes open, flush water for 15-20.

(refer to material safety data sheet ). Turn head so water flows from inner aspect of eye. If unsuccessful in removing chemical exposure, seek medical attention

Carpal tunnel syndrome

a painful disorder of the wrist and hand caused by compression of the median nerve through the carpel tunnel in the wrist.

symptoms of carpel tunnel

numbness. pain, tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers

tendinitis and symptoms

a painful inflammation of the tendons of the wrist resulting from strain

pain in the wrist , especially on the outer edges of the hand, rather then through the center of the wrist

ulnar nerve entrapment and symptoms

a painful disorder of the lower arm and wrist caused by compression of the ulnar nerve of the arms as it passes through the wrist.

symptoms may include - numbness, tingling and or the loss of strength in the lower arm

rotator cuff tendinitis and symptoms

is a painful inflammation of the muscle and tendons in the shoulder region.

symptoms include severe pain and impaired function of the shoulder joint

tenosynovitis (de quervian’s syndrome) and symptoms

is a painful inflammation of tendons in the thumb that extend to the wrist.

symptoms include aching, weakness of the thumb (along the base ) and pain radiating into forearm

neutral position

is the ideal position for the body while working . musculoskeletal pain is the direct result of improper body position

Neutral position

step by step

forearms parallel to the floor

weight evenly distributed

thighs parallel to the floor

hips at a 90 degree angle

seat height low enough so heels of feet rest on the floor

when working positions from front and back zones , spread feet apart so legs and chair base form tripod

avoid positioning legs under the back of the dental chair. If the position of the dental chair is too high you will need to raise ur arms creating unnecessary stress

shank

is an extension device that increases the length of the instrument so working end can be positioned on the root of the teeth

uses of mouth mirror

indirect illumination

used to reflect light onto the tooth surface in dark areas of the mouth

modified pen grasp

is the proper technique used for holding instrument s. it is a 3 finger grasps with specific target points of the thumb, index finger, and middle (2nd) finger all in contact with the instrument

periodontal screening system developed

by the ada and American academy of periodontology. It divides patients into 2 groups those who have perio and those who have gingivitis

how to code each sextant

the highest code obtained in the sextant is recorded

code 0

colored area of probe fully visible

no tarter or rough areas detected

no bleeding on probing

code 1

colored area of probe fully visible

no tarter or rough edges detected

bleeding on probing

code 2

colored area of probe fully visible

tarter and rough edges detected

code 3

colored area partially visible

code 4

colored area no longer visible

explorer technique for anterior teeth

starting point is always on the midline of. the tooth

spicule

isolated speck of calculus common under contact area line angles and midlines