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palpation
palpation is the use of the sense of touch through tissue manipulation or pressure on an area with the finger of one had or both
palpation techniques
bimanual
simultaneous use of the fingers from both hands in one area
temporomandibular joint (palpate)
place fingers on both sides of the head at the tmj. Locate the joint when patient opens his or her mouth. The fingertips should drop into the joint space. Ask the patient to open and close several times ; slowly palpate during the function.
vermilion zone
highly vascularized epithelium between the vermilion border and moist oral mucosa of the lip (portion of ip where lip stick is applied)
vermilion border
transition between lip and skin (where lip liner is applied )
commissure
junction of the upper and lower lips at either side of the mouth
philturm
vertical depression between the lip and nose
tongue examination
palpate tongue using bi-digital technique feeling for indurated areas
coated tongue
indicates poor oral hygiene or that the patient is on medication
ankyloglossia (tongue tied)
lingual frenum attached too far forward toward tip of the tongue causing limited movement and impaired speech
geographic tongue
benign migratory glossitis
lingual frenum
attaches to the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
salivary glands / ducts
submandibular - submandibular duct
sublingual(smallest salivary gland)- sublingual duct
parotid- parotid duct
salivary caruncles
openings of submandibular and sublingual ducts found on either side of the lingual frenum
hard palate
incisive (nasopalatine papilla)
elevation of soft tissue found behind the upper central incisors
covers incisive papilla canal. (this is a common sitr of tissue trauma from hot foods / drinks and will often appear to be inflamed
uvula
cone shaped mass of tissue that hangs from the midline of the posterior section of soft palate
palatine tonsils
bilateral masses of lymphatic tissue found on the walls of the soft palate and descending into the throat
allergic reaction
signs and symptoms
red skin rash, hives (raised lesions) urticarial (itching),and some cases laryngeal edema with difficulty swallowing, bronchial constriction resulting in wheezing and dyspnea
myocardial infraction (heart attack)
signs and symptoms
similar to angina pectoris bur does not resolve with nitroglycerin use . Heavy, squeezing pressure or tightness in the mid-chest area and pain may radiate to the left or right arm, neck, or mandible. Patient may have pallor, anxiety , fear, or faintness
cardiac arrest
signs and symptoms
unconscious and responsive patient, no respirations, no pulse, no heart sounds, eyes are fixed with pupils dilated and no constriction of eyes with light
stroke
sign and and symptoms
temporary/complete paresthesia/weakness on one side of the body, premonitory dizziness/vertigo and transient speech defects with breathing labored
epilepsy
treatment response
stop dental treatment. Activate ems and refer to your bls training. Lower the chair as close as possible to the floor with patient supine and push away bracket cart/tray. Do not force anything in between patients teeth. Allow patient to sleep during post-convulsive stage. DO NOT dismiss patient if unaccompanied
syncope (fainting)
signs and symptoms
transient loss of consciousness related to a drop in BP when sitting up too fast after a long procedure. Face may appear pale gray. Patient might feel anxious , weak or light headed
hyperventilation syndrome
signs and symptoms
over-breathing to fast (25-30 breaths per min)
light headedness, dizziness, anxiety, giuddiness, and tingling or numbness in the extremities
insulin shock
occurs when patient has too much insulin (hyperinsulinism) in the body, lowering levels of blood and glucose(hypoglycemia). Emergency more likely to occur in dentals etting
insulin shock
signs and symptoms
confused, nervous, and anxious with moist cold pale skin
chemical solution in the eye
treatment response
while keeping eyes open, flush water for 15-20.
(refer to material safety data sheet ). Turn head so water flows from inner aspect of eye. If unsuccessful in removing chemical exposure, seek medical attention
Carpal tunnel syndrome
a painful disorder of the wrist and hand caused by compression of the median nerve through the carpel tunnel in the wrist.
symptoms of carpel tunnel
numbness. pain, tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers
tendinitis and symptoms
a painful inflammation of the tendons of the wrist resulting from strain
pain in the wrist , especially on the outer edges of the hand, rather then through the center of the wrist
ulnar nerve entrapment and symptoms
a painful disorder of the lower arm and wrist caused by compression of the ulnar nerve of the arms as it passes through the wrist.
symptoms may include - numbness, tingling and or the loss of strength in the lower arm
rotator cuff tendinitis and symptoms
is a painful inflammation of the muscle and tendons in the shoulder region.
symptoms include severe pain and impaired function of the shoulder joint
tenosynovitis (de quervian’s syndrome) and symptoms
is a painful inflammation of tendons in the thumb that extend to the wrist.
symptoms include aching, weakness of the thumb (along the base ) and pain radiating into forearm
neutral position
is the ideal position for the body while working . musculoskeletal pain is the direct result of improper body position
Neutral position
step by step
forearms parallel to the floor
weight evenly distributed
thighs parallel to the floor
hips at a 90 degree angle
seat height low enough so heels of feet rest on the floor
when working positions from front and back zones , spread feet apart so legs and chair base form tripod
avoid positioning legs under the back of the dental chair. If the position of the dental chair is too high you will need to raise ur arms creating unnecessary stress
shank
is an extension device that increases the length of the instrument so working end can be positioned on the root of the teeth
uses of mouth mirror
indirect illumination
used to reflect light onto the tooth surface in dark areas of the mouth
modified pen grasp
is the proper technique used for holding instrument s. it is a 3 finger grasps with specific target points of the thumb, index finger, and middle (2nd) finger all in contact with the instrument
periodontal screening system developed
by the ada and American academy of periodontology. It divides patients into 2 groups those who have perio and those who have gingivitis
how to code each sextant
the highest code obtained in the sextant is recorded
code 0
colored area of probe fully visible
no tarter or rough areas detected
no bleeding on probing
code 1
colored area of probe fully visible
no tarter or rough edges detected
bleeding on probing
code 2
colored area of probe fully visible
tarter and rough edges detected
code 3
colored area partially visible
code 4
colored area no longer visible
explorer technique for anterior teeth
starting point is always on the midline of. the tooth
spicule
isolated speck of calculus common under contact area line angles and midlines