APUSH

Washington's Farewell Address

Warns that political parties forming can fracture American society, to not involve in conflicts in other nation, and to not lose morality

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson doubled size of U.S, going against his strict interpretation of the constitution

Lewis and Clark

Sent by Jefferson to explore Louisiana Purchase land with Corps of Discovery, meet Sacagawea

Speech to the Osages

Tecumseh, allies with British, resists American expansion onto Native land

Market Revolution

Innovations in transportation (Railroads, canals) and communication (telegraph). Led to rise of factories, urbanization, national economy

Erie Canal

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo. Allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.

Lowell Mills

textile mill located in a factory town in Massachusetts that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boardinghouses

Second Great Awakening

Emphasis on feeling the presence of God, beginning if evangelism, women brought families back to God (organizations and reforms started), Mormonism founded by Joseph Smith

Temperance Movement

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

Utopian Communities

groups of people who tried to form a perfect society, communal living, all failed

Education Reform

Tax supported education developed by Horace Mann

Seneca Falls Conference

Brought to attention the rights of women: education, property, custody, voting

Frederick Douglass's 4th of July

Condemned hypocrisy of celebrating freedom in a nation that still practiced slavery, challenging Americans to confront the injustice in their societies.

Marbury vs. Madison

Established principle of judicial review

John Marshall

Helped establish judicial review, federalist, Chief Justice

McCulloh vs. Maryland

Defends loose construction of constitution and implied powers of governments (federal law over state laws)

Second Bank of the United States

Charter renewed under Madison, Jackson shut it down

Implied powers

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

Necessary and Proper Clause

Clause of the Constitution setting forth the implied powers of Congress

War of 1812 causes

British support of Indians; British impressments of sailors, trade

Monroe Doctrine

Warned Europe not to colonize or intervene in the western hemisphere

Era of Good Feelings

One party and a sweeping victory for Monroe

Henry Clay

Senator from Kentucky who created the American System, Missouri Compromise

Federalist Ideals

Adams/Hamilton, strong central government, industry, wealthy/elites, liked Britain

Democratic-Republican ideals

Strong state governments, farming, "Strict" Interpretation of Constitution, Common people should be involved in government

Thomas Jefferson Presidency

Louisiana Purchase, small government with low taxes and small military, embargo act, tried to remain neutral

Embargo Act

Closed US ports and all exports and restricted imports from Britain. Peaceful coercion hurts US economy more than it hurts Britain or France

American System

Protective tariffs, National Bank, Internal improvements

Protective Tarfiffs

tariffs would promote American manufacturing and revenue raised could be used to fund internal improvements

Internal improvements

federally funded canals and roads to transport materials

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state.

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson

Nullification Crisis

raised the price of manufactured goods and represented power of federal government

Tariff of Abominations

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

Hartford Convention

federalist party who opposed war met in New England, discussed secession. Federalists seen as disloyal which led to decline of party.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Broke previous treaties, forcibly moved tribes east of Mississippi to the west

Spoils System

Jackson appoints political supporters to postions based on loyalty vs. talent/experience

Battle of New Orleans

After war ended, Jackson beat Britain in New Orleans

Adams-Onis Treaty

Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

Election of 1840

Slogans of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" Whigs advocated this "poor man's president"

Transcendentalism

each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches

Eli Whitney

Cotton gin and interchangeable parts

Samuel Slater

Father of factory system

Textiles

linking of Northern factories and southern cotton plantations

Samuel Morse

telegraph replaces pony express

King Cotton

Mass production of cotton from cotton gin, slavery numbers grew