Periodic Table (Chemistry)

atomic number, atomic mass, number of valence electrons, symbol, state of matter at room temperature

Name the 5 things in a box

Atomic number

This refers to how many protons an atom has

Atomic mass

This refers to the “weight” of the atom by adding the number of protons and neutrons

Isotopes

Atoms with less or more neutrons

Symbol

It can consist of a single capital letter, or a capital letter and one or two lower case letters.

metals, non-metals, and metalloids

The periodic table can be divided in 3 main categories

metals

good conductor of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile

non metals

poor conductor of heat and electricity, not malleable and ductile

metalloids

shares properties of metals and non metals

families or groups

All elements in a column share the same valence electron and have similar but not identical properties

hydrogen

in a class of its own

alkali metals

most reactive metals with 1 valence electron

alkaline earth metals

never found uncombined in nature with 2 valence electrons

transition metals

good conductors of heat and electricity, brightly colored, and usually used to color paints with 1 or 2 valence electrons

boron

named after the first element in the family with 3 valence electrons

carbon

called the “basis of life” with 4 valence electrons

nitrogen

named after the element that makes up 78% of the Earth’s atomosphere with 5 valence electrons

oxygen

has the element that is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust with 6 valence electrons

halogen

most active non-metals as they have 7 valence electrons and only need one more to fill their outermost energy level

noble gases

colorless gases which are extremely inactive as they’ve already reached their outermost energy level with 8 valence electrons